Table 2.
Associations of significantly associated Olink Biomarker levels with all-cause dementia incidence. For associations of not significantly associated biomarkers, see Supplemental Table 6
| Olink Biomarker | Value of 1 SD | All-cause dementia (n=504 cases) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) per 1 SD* |
p-value per 1 SD |
FDR corrected p-value† |
||
| ADA | 0.635 | 1.17 (1.05-1.32) | 0.0055 | 0.0098 |
| AXIN1 | 1.140 | 1.14 (1.02-1.28) | 0.0257 | 0.0352 |
| CASP-8 | 1.364 | 1.15 (1.02-1.29) | 0.0194 | 0.0279 |
| CCL3 | 1.508 | 1.14 (1.02-1.27) | 0.0259 | 0.0352 |
| CCL4 | 1.099 | 1.19 (1.06-1.33) | 0.0032 | 0.0066 |
| CCL11 | 0.697 | 1.29 (1.14-1.46) | 0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| CCL19 | 1.199 | 1.17 (1.05-1.32) | 0.0063 | 0.0108 |
| CCL20 | 1.540 | 1.18 (1.05-1.32) | 0.0041 | 0.0082 |
| CCL23 | 0.732 | 1.29 (1.14-1.46) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| CCL25 | 0.763 | 1.17 (1.03-1.32) | 0.0122 | 0.0187 |
| CCL28 | 0.548 | 1.27 (1.13-1.43) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| CD5 | 0.523 | 1.26 (1.12-1.42) | 0.0002 | 0.0007 |
| CD6 | 0.757 | 1.19 (1.05-1.34) | 0.0048 | 0.0093 |
| CD40 | 0.734 | 1.20 (1.07-1.36) | 0.0022 | 0.0050 |
| CD244 | 0.587 | 1.38 (1.22-1.57) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| CDCP1 | 0.894 | 1.20 (1.06-1.36) | 0.0030 | 0.0064 |
| CSF-1 | 0.425 | 1.24 (1.09-1.41) | 0.0013 | 0.0032 |
| CST5 | 0.698 | 1.17 (1.04-1.32) | 0.0112 | 0.0179 |
| CX3CL1 | 0.669 | 1.41 (1.24-1.60) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| CXCL1 | 0.901 | 1.17 (1.05-1.32) | 0.0065 | 0.0109 |
| CXCL5 | 0.957 | 1.33 (1.17-1.51) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| CXCL6 | 0.848 | 1.28 (1.14-1.44) | 0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| CXCL9 | 0.953 | 1.19 (1.05-1.34) | 0.0052 | 0.0096 |
| CXCL10 | 0.953 | 1.16 (1.03-1.30) | 0.0138 | 0.0207 |
| CXCL11 | 1.051 | 1.18 (1.05-1.33) | 0.0051 | 0.0096 |
| DNER | 0.488 | 1.36 (1.20-1.55) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| EN-RAGE | 1.307 | 1.41 (1.25-1.60) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| FGF-19 | 1.089 | 1.21 (1.08-1.35) | 0.0013 | 0.0032 |
| Flt3L | 0.629 | 1.21 (1.07-1.36) | 0.0018 | 0.0042 |
| GDNF | 0.506 | 1.16 (1.03-1.30) | 0.0149 | 0.0219 |
| HGF | 0.719 | 1.34 (1.18-1.52) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| IL-7 | 0.798 | 1.14 (1.02-1.28) | 0.0246 | 0.0347 |
| IL-10 | 0.863 | 1.20 (1.07-1.35) | 0.0023 | 0.0050 |
| IL-18 | 0.763 | 1.33 (1.17-1.50) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| IL-10RA | 0.788 | 1.12 (1.01-1.25) | 0.0362 | 0.0461 |
| IL-10RB | 0.533 | 1.29 (1.14-1.46) | 0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| IL-15RA | 0.359 | 1.22 (1.09-1.38) | 0.0009 | 0.0026 |
| IL-18R1 | 0.602 | 1.27 (1.13-1.44) | 0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| LAP TGF-beta-1 | 0.574 | 1.37 (1.21-1.55) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| LIF-R | 0.503 | 1.37 (1.21-1.56) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| MCP-2 | 0.769 | 1.18 (1.05-1.33) | 0.0069 | 0.0113 |
| MCP-4 | 0.927 | 1.23 (1.08-1.39) | 0.0015 | 0.0036 |
| MMP-10 | 0.761 | 1.22 (1.08-1.37) | 0.0010 | 0.0028 |
| NT-3 | 0.544 | 1.24 (1.10-1.39) | 0.0003 | 0.0009 |
| OPG | 0.609 | 1.39 (1.22-1.58) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| PD-L1 | 0.600 | 1.30 (1.15-1.47) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| SCF | 0.624 | 1.15 (1.01-1.29) | 0.0281 | 0.0375 |
| SIRT2 | 1.157 | 1.13 (1.01-1.27) | 0.0371 | 0.0461 |
| ST1A1 | 1.304 | 1.13 (1.01-1.27) | 0.0365 | 0.0461 |
| STAMBP | 0.833 | 1.18 (1.05-1.32) | 0.0056 | 0.0098 |
| TGF-alpha | 0.829 | 1.21 (1.08-1.37) | 0.0011 | 0.0029 |
| TNFRSF9 | 0.636 | 1.23 (1.09-1.39) | 0.0006 | 0.0018 |
| TNFSF14 | 1.064 | 1.16 (1.03-1.30) | 0.0119 | 0.0186 |
| TRAIL | 0.513 | 1.31 (1.16-1.49) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| TRANCE | 0.753 | 1.14 (1.01-1.28) | 0.0344 | 0.0450 |
| TWEAK | 0.647 | 1.35 (1.19-1.53) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| VEGF-A | 0.794 | 1.40 (1.24-1.59) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| uPA | 0.604 | 1.36 (1.20-1.54) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, FDR false discovery rate, For biomarker abbreviations, see Supplemental Table 1
All associations between Olink Biomarkers and the dementia outcome in this table are statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (FDR corrected p < 0.05). The lines for the most important biomarkers, CX3CL1 and EN-RAGE, which were also independently from other Olink biomarkers associated with the dementia outcome, are printed in bold. However, please note that this table shows their association with the outcome when they are put singularly in the multivariate logistic regression model
* Multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age (continuously), sex, education, physical activity, BMI (categorical), CVD, diabetes, depression, APOE genotype
† P-values corrected for multiple testing by the Benjamini and Hochberg method