Table 1.

Selection criteria.

Category	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	All healthy and non-healthy people, irrespective of sex.	Incomplete data or data literature not available after email contact to the authors
Interventions	Supervised or unsupervised exercise interventions such as AT, RT, AT+RT, HIIT, CT, and other exercise therapies.	Lack of primary outcome indicators; non-English and non-Chinese literature
Comparison	The control group was no exercise intervention or a different modality of exercise than the observation group	Only one study with complete data was retained for duplicate publications or studies with highly consistent overall data
Outcomes	BDNF variation level	Exercise intervention duration ≤ 2 weeks
Study design	RCTs with two or more arms	Animal trials and non-RCTs