Table 3.
Logistic regression estimate for depressive symptoms by background characteristics among adolescents at wave-2
| Background Characteristics | Model-1: OR (CI) | Model-2: AOR (CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Cyberbullying victimization at wave 1 | ||
| No® | ||
| Yes | 1.15*(0.98 1.35) | 0.97 (0.82 1.14) |
| Cyberbullying victimization at wave 2 | ||
| No® | ||
| Yes | 2.45***(2.17 2.75) | 2.07***(1.83 2.34) |
| Depression at wave 1 | ||
| No® | ||
| Yes | 2.14***(1.95 2.34) | 1.77***(1.61 1.94) |
| Substance use | ||
| No® | ||
| Yes | 1.76***(1.48 2.09) | 1.56***(1.31 1.86) |
| Suicidal ideation | ||
| No® | ||
| Yes | 0.97 (0.88 1.08) | 1.64***(1.46 1.84) |
| Violent behaviour | ||
| No® | ||
| Yes | 0.90*(0.8 1.01) | 1.3***(1.14 1.48) |
| Age group (in years) | ||
| 13–17® | ||
| 18–20 | 1.47***(1.29 1.69) | |
| 21–23 | 1.56***(1.35 1.82) | |
| Sex | ||
| Male® | ||
| Female | 2.64***(2.33 2.98) | |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | ||
| Married® | 1.65***(1.50 1.82) | |
| Educational level | ||
| Illiterate® | ||
| Up to 8 years | 1.06 (0.93 1.2) | |
| 9 or more years | 1.08 (0.95 1.23) | |
| Ownership of mobile phone | ||
| No® | ||
| Own mobile | 0.87 (0.68 1.09) | |
| Access family member’s mobile phone | 0.79**(0.63 0.99) | |
| Internet access | ||
| No® | ||
| Yes | 1.09 (0.97 1.23) | |
| Use of social media | ||
| No® | ||
| Yes | 1.03 (0.91 1.16) | |
| Peer connection | ||
| Bad® | ||
| Good | 1.17***(1.08 1.26) | |
| Work | ||
| No® | ||
| Yes | 0.83***(0.76 0.90) | |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu® | ||
| Non-Hindu | 1.16***(1.05 1.27) | |
| Caste | ||
| SC/ST | 1.11 (0.98 1.25) | |
| OBC | 1.02 (0.92 1.13) | |
| Other® | ||
| Wealth index | ||
| Poorest | 1.15*(1 1.34) | |
| Poorer | 1.16**(1.02 1.32) | |
| Middle | 1.12*(0.99 1.26) | |
| Richer | 1.11**(1 1.23) | |
| Richest® | ||
| Place of residence | ||
| Urban® | ||
| Rural | 0.92**(0.85 0.99) | |
| State | ||
| Uttar Pradesh® | ||
| Bihar | 1.24***(1.14 1.33) | |
| Constant | 0.34***(0.32–0.35) | 0.08***(0.06 0.11) |
® Reference category, AOR Adjusted odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, OBC Other backward class, OR Odds ratio, SC/ST Schedule Caste/Schedule Tribes
*p < 0.1
**p < 0.05
***p < 0.01