Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| First author (country) | RCT design |
Sample size (n) | Mean age (years) |
Gender (n) |
Topographic distribution (n) |
GMFCS I/II/III (n) |
Baseline PROM of ankle DF with KE (mean of degrees) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Baker et al. [27] (Northern Ireland) |
Parallel | 125 | 5.34 |
M = 67 F = 58 |
Diplegia = 125 | N.A | 10.38 |
|
Bottos et al. [28] (Italy) |
Parallel | 10 | 6.4 |
M = 7 M = 3 |
N.A | N.A | N.A |
|
Buckon et al. [29] (USA) |
Crossover | 16 | 8.4 |
M = 10 F = 6 |
N.A | I = 4/II = 12 | N.A |
|
Corry et al. [9] (Northern Ireland) |
Parallel | 20 | 4.6 | N.A |
Hemiplegia = 8 Diplegia = 11 Quadriplegia = 1 |
N.A | − 1.25 |
|
Dalvand et al. [30] (Iran) |
Parallel | 30 | 6.03 | M = 13 F = 17 | Diplegia = 30 | I = 12/II = 13/III = 5 | N.A |
|
Dursun et al. [13] (Turkey) |
Parallel | 35 | 9 |
M = 28 F = 7 |
Hemiplegia = 6 Diplegia = 29 |
N.A | N.A |
|
Dursun et al. [31] (Turkey) |
Parallel | 51 | 6.4 |
M = 32 F = 29 |
Hemiplegia = 14 Diplegia = 37 |
I = 11/II = 25/III = 15 | 10.33 |
|
El-Etribi et al. [20] (Eqypt) |
Parallel | 40 | 3.6 | N.A | N.A | N.A | (17.3) |
|
Flett et al. [10] (Australia) |
Parallel | 18 | 3.7 |
M = 11 F = 7 |
Hemiplegia = 5 Diplegia = 10 Triplegia = 1 Quadriplegia = 2 |
N.A | 7.04 |
|
Hayek et al. [32] (Israel) |
Parallel | 20 | 3.9 |
M = 11 F = 9 |
Hemiplegia = 10 Diplegia = 10 |
I = 12/II = 5/III = 3 | 5.8 |
|
Koman et al. [7] ( USA) |
Parallel | 12 | 4-11a | N.A |
Hemiplegia = 4 Diplegia = 8 |
N.A | N.A |
|
Koman et al. [23] ( USA) |
Parallel | 114 | 2–16 a | N.A |
Hemiplegia = 32 Diplegia = 182 |
N.A | N.A |
|
Mass et al. [21] (Netherlands) |
Parallel | 19 | 8.89 |
M = 12 F = 7 |
Hemiplegia = 9 Diplegia = 10 |
I = 10/II = 7/III = 2 | N.A |
|
Radtka et al. [33] ( USA) |
Crossover | 10 | 6.5 |
M = 6 F = 4 |
Hemiplegia = 4 Diplegia = 6 |
N.A | ≥ 5* |
|
Radtka et al. [34] ( USA) |
Crossover | 12 | 7.5 |
M = 6 F = 6 |
N.A | N.A | ≥ 5* |
|
Rethlefsen et al. [35] ( USA) |
Crossover | 21 | 9.1 |
M = 13 F = 8 |
Diplegia = 21 | N.A | ≥ 5* |
|
Sutherland et al. [12] ( USA) |
Parallel | 20 | 6.1 |
M = 16 F = 4 |
Hemiplegia = 10 Diplegia = 9 Quadriplegia = 1 |
N.A | ≥ 0 |
|
Ubhi et al. [11] (England) |
Parallel | 40 | 7.43 |
M = 23 F = 17 |
Hemiplegia = 12 Diplegia = 28 |
N.A | − 17.51 |
|
Xu et al. [36] ( China) |
Parallel | 65 | 4.6 |
M = 44 F = 21 |
N.A | I = 24/II = 41 | − 8.2 |
| Yigitoglu et al. [37] (Turkey) | Parallel | 38 | 6.3 | M = 19 F = 19 | Diplegia = 38 | I = 9/II = 9/III = 20 | N.A |
a Age range; N.A., not available; PROM, passive range of motion; DF, dorsiflexion; and KE, knee extension
*A minimum five degrees of PROM