Table 5.
Summary of estimated treatment effect of the included studies
| Outcome measure | Treatment comparisons | Pooled effect size |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Number of gait improvement | BoNT-A versus placebo [7, 11, 12, 23] | RR (95% CI); 2.64 (1.71, 4.07) |
| 2. Composite score of gait improvement | a. BoNT-A versus casting [9, 10] | SMD (95% CI); 0.16 (− 0.48, 0.8) |
|
c. BoNT-A + casting versus BoNT-A [31, 32] b. BoNT-A + physical therapy versus physical therapy [13, 20] |
SMD (95% CI); 0.72 (− 0.2, 1.65) SMD (95% CI); 0.66 (− 0.78, 2.1) |
|
| 3. Ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact | Orthosis versus control [29, 33–35] | USMD (95% CI); 10.22 (5.13, 15.31) |
| 4. Passive range of ankle dorsiflexion with knee extension | a. BoNT-A versus casting [9, 10] | USMD (95% CI); 4.01 (− 5.87, 13.89) |
|
b. BoNT-A + casting versus BoNT-A [31, 32] c. BoNT-A + physical therapy versus physical therapy [20, 36] |
USMD (95%CI); 0.39 (− 0.52, 1.3) USMD (95% CI); 4.16 (1.54, 6.78) |
Botulinum toxin A, BoNT-A; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standardized mean difference; USMD, unstandardized mean difference; and CI, confidence interval