Table 3.
Linear Regression predicting HWI, Coefficient (95% CI).
| Characteristic | Survey Year | Socio-demographics | Socio-economic | Culture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survey Year | ||||
| 2004 (ref) | – | – | – | – |
| 2010 | 0.04 (−0.08,0.15) | 0.02 (−0.06,0.10) | 0.00 (−0.08,0.08) | 0.01 (−0.07,0.09) |
| 2015 | 0.12 (−0.00,0.24) | 0.09 (0.00,0.18) | 0.07 (−0.01,0.16) | 0.08 (−0.01,0.17) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male (ref) | – | – | – | |
| Female | 0.03 (−0.00,0.06) | 0.04 (0.01,0.07) | 0.03 (−0.00,0.06) | |
| Age | 0.02 (0.02,0.02) | 0.02 (0.02,0.02) | 0.02 (0.02,0.02) | |
| Location | ||||
| Urban (ref) | – | – | – | |
| Rural | −1.88 (-2.02,-1.74) | −1.85 (-2.00,-1.71) | −1.84 (-1.98,-1.70) | |
| Children | −0.09 (-0.10,-0.08) | −0.09 (-0.10,-0.08) | −0.09 (-0.10,-0.08) | |
| Working | ||||
| No (ref) | – | – | ||
| Yes | −0.05 (-0.08,-0.03) | −0.05 (-0.07,-0.02) | ||
| Education | ||||
| No education (ref) | – | – | ||
| Any education | 0.24 (0.21,0.26) | 0.21 (0.18,0.24) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Chewa (ref) | – | |||
| Tumbuka | 0.24 (0.19,0.30) | |||
| Lomwe | 0.13 (0.09,0.18) | |||
| Yao | 0.13 (0.07,0.19) | |||
| Ngoni | 0.14 (0.09,0.18) | |||
| Other | 0.14 (0.08,0.20) | |||
| Religion | ||||
| No religion (ref) | – | |||
| Christian | 0.19 (0.13,0.26) | |||
| Muslim | 0.14 (0.06,0.23) | |||
| Other | 0.02 (−0.14,0.19) | |||
∗p < 0.05.