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. 2022 Sep 9;5(6):2149–2162. doi: 10.1007/s42250-022-00457-7

Table 5.

Summary of adulterated LHMs

S/No Code Adulterants Conc. µg/mL Demanded treatment Source of sample
1 HM 01 Caffeine − 0.1284 Malaria and typhoid Shop
2 HM 02 Caffeine 30.9708 Coughing Shop
3 HM 03 Caffeine 0.3679 Coughing Shop
4 HM 04 Caffeine 0.2325 Coughing Shop
5 HM 05 Caffeine − 0.0339 Coughing Shop
6 HM 06 Caffeine 0.5603 Skin diseases Shop
7 HM 07 Caffeine 0.4866 UTI Shop
8 HM 08 Caffeine 3.7453 Skin diseases Shop
9 HM 09 Caffeine 3.3471 Malaria ^ typhoid Street vendor
10 HM 10 Caffeine 0.2456 Women reproductive problems Shop
11 HM 11 Caffeine 0.0519 Detoxification and anti-pain Shop
12 HM 12 Caffeine 1.9256 Ant pain Shop
13 HM 13 Caffeine 3.1309 Malaria ^ typhoid Shop
14 HM 14 Caffeine − 0.9649 Malaria ^ typhoid Shop
15 HM 15 Caffeine − 0.2640 Miscarriage Shop
16 HM 16 Caffeine 1.3012 Malaria ^ typhoid Shop
17 HM 17 Caffeine 2.5814 Malaria ^ typhoid Shop
18 HM 18 Caffeine − 0.0861 Anti-pains to organ Street vendor
19 HM 19 Acetylsalicylic acid − 0.8443 Coughing Street vendor
20 HM 20 Caffeine 5.8062 Coughing Street vendor
21 HM 21 Caffeine 1.6904 Skin diseases Street vendor
22 HM 22 Caffeine 0.5993 Teeth problems Street vendor
23 HM 23 Caffeine 13.9241 Anti-pains to organ Street vendor
24 HM 24 Caffeine 3.7499 Coughing Street vendor
25 HM 25 Caffeine 0.7056 Malaria ^ typhoid Shop
26 HM 26 Caffeine 1029.22 UTI Shop
27 HM 27 Caffeine 0.2897 UTI Shop