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. 2022 Sep 1;6(4):451–464. doi: 10.7150/ntno.75045

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of doxorubicin on TAM polarization depends on liposomal drug delivery and alendronate co-encapsulation. (A) TAM polarization was determined in the TAM population from Figure 3A. (B) All treatments significantly increased non-polarized M0 TAM. Free doxorubicin treatment decreased M1 TAM, while PLD and PLAD had no effects on this population. M2 polarized TAM were decreased in PLD and PLAD groups with the greatest effect in PLAD, although the difference between PLD and PLAD was not significant. All treatments also decreased M1-M2 TAM, a population that expresses both M1 and M2 markers. (C-D) PLAD significantly increased M1/M2 ratio compared to F-Dox. Representative FACS plots are shown. Data are mean with SEM, n=9 for PLAD, PLD and F-Dox, n=5 for vehicle; ANOVA with Tukey's test; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, and ****p<0.0001. F-Dox: free doxorubicin, PLD: pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, PLAD: pegylated liposomal alendronate doxorubicin, TAM: tumor associated macrophages.