Table 3.
Fixed effects negative binomial regression results predicting Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) of suicides by firearm as a as a function of 10-unit increments in permissiveness of state firearm laws across the 50 US states, 2000–2016, for males and females by race/ethnicity.
| Covariates | Model (a) Male Whitesa |
Model (b) Male Black Americansa |
Model (c) Male Hispanic |
Model (d) Female Whitesa |
Model (e) Female Black Americansa |
Model (f) Female Hispanic |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR | 95% CI | IRR | 95% CI | IRR | 95% CI | IRR | 95% CI | IRR | 95% CI | IRR | 95% CI | |
| Permissiveness of state firearm laws | 1.02 **** | 1.01–1.02 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.04 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.04 | 1.02 * | 0.99–1.04 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.04 | 1.03 | 0.99–1.15 |
| Population at <200% of the federal poverty line (%) | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.03 | 1.02 | 0.99–1.04 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 1.05 | 0.98–1.12 | 1.02 | 0.94–1.09 |
| Population graduated from high school (%) | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.19 | 0.99 * | 0.98–1.00 | 0.96 * | 0.92–1.00 | 0.99 | 0.94–1.04 |
| Per capita mental health expenditure ($) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 1.00** | 0.99–0.99 |
| Gini index | 1.04 | 0.77–1.40 | 1.60 | 0.61–4.19 | 0.97 | 0.28–3.38 | 0.77 | 0.39–1.54 | 3.85 | .21–70.32 | 15.35 | .32–736.87 |
| N | 850 | 850 | 850 | 850 | 765 | 816 | ||||||
p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001.
American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian/Pacific Islander Results available upon request
Year indicator variables included, but not shown.
a
Non-Hispanic