Figure 6.

Preventive treatment with AANG effectively inhibits diabetes in db/db mice by promoting islet β cell development. (A-D) Preventive treatment with AANG results in normal levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and fasting serum insulin in db/db mice without affecting body weight. Note that monotherapy with NG but not AA also produces a better hyperglycaemia control, which is further enhanced by AANG treatment (E) Immunohistochemistry shows that compared to AA or NG monotherapy, preventive treatment with AANG markedly blocks Smad3 signaling while increasing insulin production in the diabetic islets at 24-week db/db mice. Data represented mean ± s.d. from groups of 6 mice. *p<0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p<0.001 vs db/m mice; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01. ###p<0.001 vs control db/db mice; ^p<0.05, ^^p < 0.01 vs AA-treated db/db mice. Scale bar, 50 μm.