(A) Purified CD27+ memory B cells from healthy blood donors were cultured under Tfh-like conditions using IL-21 and CD40L-3T3 with and without IFN-γ, CpG, and/or evobrutinib (Evo) for 6 days. The percentages of (B) T-bet+ and class-switched (IgM–IgD–) memory B cells and (C) antibody-secreting cells (CD38hiCD27hi; ASC) were analyzed for 8 donors. FACS data were collected as described for Figure 4. (D) IgG and IgM secretion within the supernatants of these cultures, as determined by ELISA (n =7). ELISA measurements were performed in 2 independent experiments, with 3–4 samples per experiment. (B and C) repeated measures 1-way ANOVA with Fisher’s least significant difference post hoc tests and (D) Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests were used. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.