TABLE 1.

A comparative point of view for different blood pressure (BP) monitoring methods in multi-scenes.

Applicable scene: scene 1 (A): lay down, scene 2 (B): sit, scene 3 (C): walk around, scene 4 (D): sports, scene 5 (E): special scene; Monitoring method: I: continuous monitoring, II: single measurement, III: interval measurement, take measurements every once in a while;
Method	Applicable scene	Monitoring method	Measuring position	Cuff	Cost	Instrument accuracy	Technology maturity degree	Advantages	Disadvantages
Auscultatory (33–35)	B, C, D	II, III	Bicep	Yes	Low	Gold standard for standard control	Mature	Commonly and widely used by the medical doctors	1. User dependent, supervision form professional is necessary. 2. More than 3 min time delay between successive measurements.
Oscillometry	A, B, C, D	II, III	Bicep, Wrist	Yes	Medium	Medical Level	Arm-cuff oscillographic method is mature; Wrist-cuff systems needs more clinical validation	Most widely used method in many scenes, results are considered to be medical level	1. Uncomfortable, noisy for long time monitoring. 2. Cuff dependent.
Applanation tonometry (36–43)	A	I	Wrist	No	High	Medical Level	Mature, sensor structures are improving	Used for continuous blood pressure monitoring in Scene 1 only under supervision	1. Strict conditions for sensor location or structure and monitoring environment. 2. Supervision form professional is necessary.
Volume clamp method (44)	A	I	Wrist, Finger	Yes	High	Medical Level	Mature, control algorithms are improving	Instantaneous, continuous measurement in Scene 1 in hospitals	Complex and precise control systems are required.
PWV/PTT/PAT	A, B, C, D, E	I, II, III	Proximal and distal pulse waveform	No	Low	Accuracy is controversial	Improving, one of the hot spots of current researches	Have the potential to be used in all the scenes mentioned in this article	Calibration is required, more clinical data is needed.