Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Sep 5;15:963–971. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S374908

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 Lee et al.

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

PMC Copyright notice

The functional categories of JNK in bladder cancer (BC) and the related biomolecules. JNK is downstream of Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) involved in tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, autophagy, metabolism, and immune escape.

Abbreviations: MAPKKK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase; MAPKK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; AP-1, Activator protein 1; AKT, Ak strain transforming; JIP1, JNK-interacting protein 1; FAS, Fas Cell Surface Death Receptor; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; p21WAF1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; TGF-β1, Transforming growth factor beta 1; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; HMGB1, High mobility group box 1 protein; also known as high-mobility group protein; MEX3C, Mex-3 RNA Binding Family Member C; PD-L1, Programmed death-ligand 1.