Table 5. Multilevel mixed effects linear regression models for latrine training intensity.
| Contextual Factors Model (n = 427; groups = 66) * | |||||||||
| M+ | SD | Robust | CI (95%) | ||||||
| b | SE | P | LL | UL | |||||
| Caregiver’s age (years) | 27.36 | 5.02 | -0.022 | 0.019 | 0.253 | -0.060 | 0.016 | ||
| Caregiver years of education | 6.60 | 4.19 | 0.041 | 0.026 | 0.117 | -0.010 | 0.093 | ||
| Caregiver unemployed | 270 | 55% | -0.052 | 0.185 | 0.778 | -0.415 | 0.311 | ||
| Caregiver latrine use | 389 | 79% | 1.307 | 0.219 | <0.001 | 0.877 | 1.737 | ||
| Household wealth quintile | 3.13 | 1.39 | -0.017 | 0.075 | 0.818 | -0.164 | 0.129 | ||
| Hours without piped water | 10.38 | 10.48 | -0.007 | 0.008 | 0.395 | -0.023 | 0.009 | ||
| Latrine in/near household (<50ft) | 421 | 86% | 0.176 | 0.245 | 0.473 | -0.305 | 0.657 | ||
| Latrine structure fully intact | 393 | 83% | 0.452 | 0.220 | 0.040 | 0.021 | 0.883 | ||
| Emotional support | 3.62 | 1.51 | -0.013 | 0.068 | 0.842 | -0.146 | 0.119 | ||
| Instrumental support | 4.51 | 1.45 | 0.212 | 0.070 | 0.002 | 0.075 | 0.349 | ||
| Informational support | 3.52 | 1.76 | -0.013 | 0.062 | 0.832 | -0.135 | 0.108 | ||
| constant | 1.482 | 0.763 | 0.052 | -0.014 | 2.978 | ||||
| Psychosocial Factors Model (n = 442; groups = 65) ** | |||||||||
| M+ | SD | Robust | CI (95%) | ||||||
| b | SE | P | LL | UL | |||||
| Perceived vulnerability of child OD | 3.55 | 1.59 | 0.098 | 0.045 | 0.027 | 0.011 | 0.186 | ||
| Unbeneficial for child OD | 4.52 | 1.11 | 0.137 | 0.062 | 0.027 | 0.015 | 0.258 | ||
| Safety concern w/ child OD | 4.14 | 1.18 | -0.127 | 0.062 | 0.041 | -0.250 | -0.005 | ||
| Difficulty—latrine training | 4.24 | 1.24 | 0.076 | 0.058 | 0.192 | -0.038 | 0.190 | ||
| Like—latrine training | 4.01 | 1.06 | 0.238 | 0.071 | 0.001 | 0.099 | 0.378 | ||
| Irritated—latrine training | 4.05 | 1.24 | -0.019 | 0.056 | 0.737 | -0.130 | 0.092 | ||
| Proud—latrine training | 3.29 | 1.49 | -0.030 | 0.048 | 0.532 | -0.125 | 0.065 | ||
| Personal norm | 4.06 | 1.08 | -0.065 | 0.071 | 0.362 | -0.204 | 0.074 | ||
| Personal norm (age to train) | 337 | 70% | 0.269 | 0.147 | 0.067 | -0.019 | 0.556 | ||
| Personal norm (father’s role) | 3.71 | 1.15 | 0.153 | 0.063 | 0.015 | 0.030 | 0.276 | ||
| Village descriptive norm | 2.91 | 1.74 | 0.045 | 0.039 | 0.250 | -0.032 | 0.122 | ||
| Household injunctive norm | 4.54 | 1.07 | 0.082 | 0.067 | 0.220 | -0.049 | 0.214 | ||
| Self-efficacy | 4.00 | 0.87 | 0.219 | 0.095 | 0.022 | 0.032 | 0.406 | ||
| Action control | 3.92 | 1.41 | 0.699 | 0.050 | <0.001 | 0.601 | 0.797 | ||
| Commitment | 3.80 | 1.26 | -0.090 | 0.061 | 0.139 | -0.210 | 0.029 | ||
| Intention | 4.51 | 0.91 | 0.020 | 0.086 | 0.816 | -0.148 | 0.188 | ||
| constant | -2.510 | 0.549 | <0.001 | -3.587 | -1.433 | ||||
M = mean; SD = standard deviation; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval
+N.B. Refer to S3 Table for the sample size for each specific variable
*R2 overall = 0.19; R2 within villages = 0.14; R2 between villages = 0.48; ICC = 0.01
**R2 overall = 0.47; R2 within villages = 0.43; R2 between villages = 0.42; ICC = 0.09