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. 2022 Sep 9;35(4):404–435. doi: 10.1007/s11211-022-00396-1

Table 2.

Sources, use, and moral evaluation by owner (in %)

Owner Sources of wealth Use of wealth Moral evaluation of personal conduct
# % % % %
Articles Inequality Inheritance Investment Entrepreneurship Philanthropy Profit Politics/ Citizenship Tax Evasion Personality+ Personality− Good capitalist Family orientation Ostentatious consump. Restrained consumpt.
Quandt/Klatten 132 51 47 59 35 19 41 10 11 11 7 8 5 6 0
Porsche 90 10 18 57 37 12 11 2 2 12 37 0 37 1 3
Plattner 60 38 0 15 100 38 3 0 3 12 3 2 0 0 8
Hopp 45 20 2 44 98 27 9 0 0 16 4 4 2 2 2
Oetker 43 7 30 21 56 5 5 7 2 9 37 7 42 5 14
T. Albrecht 41 29 88 24 73 51 41 0 0 73 56 7 20 5 2
Otto 33 15 36 15 76 67 3 9 9 27 3 24 9 6 3
K. Albrecht 31 35 55 45 90 61 77 0 6 55 10 26 35 0 0
Kühne 28 36 39 79 86 54 57 39 36 50 25 18 4 32 0
Schaeffler 28 75 32 32 89 7 18 0 0 18 21 14 18 11 7
Reimann 26 46 46 50 92 12 27 0 15 19 8 0 27 12 0
Schwarz 25 60 8 40 72 28 24 12 4 28 16 0 4 0 0
Herz 24 0 67 67 42 25 21 4 13 25 0 13 25 8 0
Würth 20 90 5 30 100 45 60 0 15 60 5 15 30 30 5
Thiele 11 36 0 82 82 18 45 0 0 45 36 18 45 9 0
Liebherr 4 75 100 25 75 0 25 0 50 25 0 25 25 0 0
Total 641

Multiple codes per articles are assigned, resulting in column percentages that do not add up to 100. Table sorted by highest position on the Rich List (see Table 1)