Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical data
| Whole Sample (n=147) |
p-tau/Aβ Negative (n=88) |
p-tau/Aβ Positive (n=59) |
t or X2 | d or Φ | p | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Mean or % | SD or N | Min | Max | Mean or % | SD or N | Min | Max | Mean or % | SD or N | Min | Max | ||||
| Age, years | 71.24 | 6.82 | 55.00 | 85.39 | 69.55 | 6.45 | 55.00 | 84.70 | 73.76 | 6.60 | 58.50 | 85.30 | t=3.84 | d=0.64 | <0.001 |
| Education, years | 16.67 | 2.58 | 9.00 | 20.00 | 16.90 | 2.38 | 12.00 | 20.00 | 16.32 | 2.84 | 9.00 | 20.00 | t=1.33 | d=0.22 | 0.185 |
| Female, % (n) | 47.6% | N=70 | - | - | 54.5% | N=48 | - | - | 37.29 | N=22 | - | - | χ2=4.22 | Φ=0.17 | 0.040 |
| Race, % (n) | χ2=1.57 | Φ=0.10 | 0.666 | ||||||||||||
| Asian | 1.4% | N=2 | - | - | 2.3% | N=2 | - | - | 0.00% | N=0 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Black | 2.7% | N=4 | - | - | 2.3% | N=2 | - | - | 3.39% | N=2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| White | 93.9% | N=138 | - | - | 93.2% | N=82 | - | - | 94.92% | N=56 | - | - | - | - | - |
| More than one | 2.0% | N=3 | - | - | 2.3% | N=2 | - | - | 1.69% | N=1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ethnicity, % (n) | χ2=1.20 | Φ=0.03 | 0.729 | ||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 4.1% | N=6 | - | - | 4.5% | N=4 | - | - | 3.39% | N=2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Non-Hispanic | 95.9% | N=141 | - | - | 95.5% | N=84 | - | - | 96.61% | N=57 | - | - | - | - | - |
| APOE ε4 carrier, % (n) | 39.5% | N=58 | - | - | 21.6% | N=19 | - | - | 66.10% | N=39 | - | - | χ2=29.29 | Φ=0.45 | <0.001 |
| MCI, % (n) | 31.3% | N=46 | - | - | 17.1% | N=15 | - | - | 52.54% | N=31 | - | - | χ2=20.70 | Φ=0.38 | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure, mmHG | 59.11 | 16.01 | 17.00 | 109.00 | 58.93 | 14.10 | 36.00 | 94.00 | 59.37 | 18.63 | 17.00 | 109.00 | t=0.16 | d=0.03 | 0.871 |
| FDG-PET SUVR | 1.27 | 0.13 | 0.91 | 1.66 | 1.31 | 0.12 | 0.98 | 1.66 | 1.22 | 0.13 | 0.91 | 1.46 | t=2.24 | d=0.70 | <0.001 |
| Entorhinal cortical thickness, mm | 3.48 | 0.40 | 1.90 | 4.08 | 3.55 | 0.33 | 2.39 | 4.08 | 3.37 | 0.47 | 1.90 | 4.08 | t=2.64 | d=0.44 | 0.010 |
| Normalized Hippocampal volume | 47.81 | 7.56 | 27.16 | 63.92 | 50.30 | 7.14 | 27.16 | 63.92 | 44.09 | 6.65 | 29.31 | 59.48 | t=5.21 | d=0.90 | <0.001 |
| Log-transformed WMH volume | 0.68 | 0.37 | 0.04 | 1.87 | 0.55 | 0.30 | 0.04 | 1.38 | 0.86 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 1.87 | t=5.30 | d=0.88 | <0.001 |
| Memory | 0.68 | 0.80 | −1.53 | 3.14 | 1.02 | 0.68 | −0.28 | 3.14 | 0.16 | 0.69 | −1.53 | 1.80 | t=7.56 | d=1.26 | <0.001 |
Data reported are mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum value, and maximum value for continuous variables and percent and number of participants (N) for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: APOE = apolipoprotein E; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; mmHg = millimeters of mercury; FDG-PET = fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; SUVR = standardized uptake value ratio; mm = millimeter; WMH = white matter hyperintensity; p-tau = phosphorylated tau; Aβ = β-amyloid
Hippocampal volume was normalized by dividing by total intracranial volume and multiplying by 10,000
The memory composite score is based on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning (RAVLT) learning and recall, word list learning and recognition from AD Assessment Schedule – Cognition (ADAS-Cog), immediate and delayed recall from Logical Memory of the Wechsler Memory Test–Revised, and the 3-word recall item from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [23] The composite score has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.