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. 2022 Aug 10;2022:4137578. doi: 10.1155/2022/4137578

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Copyright © 2022 Qiuer Liang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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QDD improves autophagy and fibrosis in HG-treated NRK-52E cells by inhibiting the expression of ATF4. (a) Expression and densitometry analysis of ATF4, fibrosis-related proteins FN, TGF-β1, and Col-IV, and autophagy-related proteins LC3I, LC3II, p62, and p-mTOR (n = 3). (b) Representative electronic micrographs and summarized data showing the number of autophagosomes/well in different groups (autophagosomes were counted in 10 randomly selected fields; scale parameter: 1 μm). Autophagic vacuoles are indicated with arrows. Data are presented as the mean ± SD values. ^∗P < 0.05 vs. NG; ^#P < 0.05 vs. HG. ^▲P < 0.05 vs. HG + siATF4. SiATF4: ATF4 small interfering RNA group; Si-NC: siRNA negative control group; NG: low glucose; HG: high glucose.