Table 1.
Demographic and comorbidity distributions.
| Total | VAP | No VAP | p ∗ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 148 | 41 | 107 | |
| Age, mean (years) | 60 | 58.6 | 60.5 | 0.5 |
| Sex, % | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 86 (58) | 26 (63) | 60 (56) | 0.4 |
| Female, n (%) | 62 (42) | 15 (37) | 47 (44) | 0.4 |
| Race, % | ||||
| Black | 99 (70) | 24 (62) | 75 (74) | 0.2 |
| White | 10 (7) | 4 (10) | 6 (6) | 0.4 |
| Native American | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | — |
| Other | 31 (21) | 11 (28) | 20 (20) | 0.3 |
| Ethnicity, % | ||||
| Hispanic | 30 (20) | 12 (32) | 18 (19) | 0.09 |
| Nonhispanic | 102 (69) | 26 (68) | 76 (81) | 0.4 |
| Comorbidities, % | ||||
| Cancer | 29 (20) | 4 (10) | 25 (23) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 86 (58) | 27 (66) | 59 (55) | 0.2 |
| Heart disease | 95 (64) | 29 (71) | 66 (62) | 0.3 |
| Hypertension | 99 (67) | 25 (61) | 74 (69) | 0.5 |
| Immune disorder | 18 (12) | 4 (10) | 14 (13) | 0.6 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 23 (16) | 9 (22) | 14 (13) | 0.2 |
| Chronic liver disease | 24 (16) | 9 (22) | 15 (14) | 0.2 |
| Prior CVA | 7 (5) | 3 (7) | 4 (3) | 0.7 |
| BMI, mean | 32.9 | 34.2 | 32.4 | 0.3 |
| Highest SOFA score within 48 hours of admission (mean) | 6 | 6 | 5 | 0.4 |
| Highest SOFA score prior to ICU admission (mean) | 13 | 14 | 13 | 0.03 |
| Empiric antibiotic prior to IMV (%) | 60 (41) | 24 (59) | 60 (56) | 0.8 |
| Empiric antibiotic within 48 hours of IMV (%) | 120 (81) | 36 (88) | 84 (79) | 0.2 |
| Discharge disposition, n (%) | ||||
| Mortality | 81 (55) | 20, (49) | 61, (57) | 0.4∗∗ |
| Home | 40 (27) | 6, (15) | 34, (32) | 0.04 |
| Skilled facility | 28 (19) | 15, (37) | 13, (12) | <0.001 |
| ICU LOS, mean (d) | 20 | 30 | 16 | <0.001∗∗∗ |
| Hospital LOS, mean (d) | 22 | 35 | 17 | <0.001∗∗∗ |
∗ p values by chi-squared or welch's t-test. ∗∗p value calculated by chi-squared; ∗∗∗p value calculated by welch's t-test P values by t-test for VAP by each variable. VAP–ventilator associated pneumonia; CVA–cerebrovascular accident; BMI–body mass index; SOFA–sequential organ failure assessment; IMV–invasive mechanical ventilation; ICU–intensive care unit; LOS–length of stay.