Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics and medical history according to treatment prescribed at enrollment.
| Vision Therapy/Exercises n=35 | Prism n=22 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| n | % | n | % | |
|
| ||||
| Female | 28 | 80% | 16 | 73% |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Asian | 5 | 14% | 1 | 5% |
| Black/African American | 3 | 9% | 9 | 41% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 5 | 14% | 3 | 14% |
| White | 21 | 60% | 8 | 36% |
| More than one race | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown/not reported | 1 | 3% | 1 | 4% |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18 to 24 | 11 | 31% | 3 | 14% |
| 25 to 34 | 11 | 31% | 1 | 5% |
| 35 to 44 | 5 | 14% | 7 | 32% |
| 45 to 54 | 3 | 9% | 2 | 9% |
| 55 to 64 | 3 | 9% | 4 | 18% |
| 65 to 74 | 2 | 6% | 1 | 5% |
| 75 to 84 | 0 | 0% | 3 | 14% |
| 85 to 91 | 0 | 0% | 1 | 5% |
| Mean (SD), years | 35.6 (15.1) | 50.4 (20.2) | ||
| Median (IQR), years | 30.3 (24.1 – 42.0) | 45.9 (38.1 – 64.9) | ||
| Refractive correction worn at enrollment visit | 23 | 66% | 21 | 95% |
| Prior treatment for strabismus | ||||
| None | 27 | 77% | 19 | 86% |
| Prism | 4 | 11% | 0 | 0% |
| Vision therapy/exercises | 4 | 11% | 2 | 9% |
| Coexisting neurological conditions | ||||
| Parkinson’s disease | 0 | 0% | 1 | 5% |
| Stroke | 2 | 6% | 0 | 0% |
| Other conditions | ||||
| Epiretinal membrane | 0 | 0% | 1 | 5% |
| Heart | 1 | 3% | 3 | 14% |
| Diabetes | 2 | 6% | 1 | 5% |
| Autoimmune disease | 0 | 0% | 1 | 5% |
| Significant head trauma | 1 | 3% | 3 | 14% |
| Othera | 6 | 17% | 1 | 5% |
| Tropia at near | 3 | 9% | 5 | 23% |
| Exodeviation at near by PACT (Δ) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 12 (6) | 14 (3) | ||
| Median (range) | 10 (5 – 30) | 14 (5 – 20) | ||
| Positive fusional vergence blur point (Δ) b | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 11 (7) | 12 (7) | ||
| Median (range) | 10 (2 – 35) | 12 (1 – 30) | ||
| Near point of convergence (cm) c | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 14 (6) | 15 (6) | ||
| Median (range) | 12 (6 – 32) | 13 (7 – 27) | ||
a
Other conditions in the vision therapy/exercise group include a single case of migraines. In the prism group, other medical conditions were: asthma (1), concussion (1), history of resected meningioma (1), spinal stenosis and hypothyroidism (1), hypothyroidism (1), and Chiari malformation with post-surgical traumatic brain injury (1).
b
The break point was used if no blur was reported;
c
6 cm or worse required for eligibility; PACT = prism and alternate cover test; IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation