Fig. 1.

Chronic postsurgical pain–induced significant mechanical hypersensitivity and cognitive impairment. A Schematic illustration of the experimental design. B Dendrogram of hierarchical clustering analysis after SMIR surgery. Rats who underwent SMIR surgery were divided into su group (n = 10, cognitively compromised pain rats) and uns group (n = 6, cognitively normal pain rats) by hierarchical clustering analysis on the Y-maze test and the novel object preference test. Behavioral tests after SMIR surgery, including C mechanical sensitivity, D the open field test, E the Y-maze test, and F the novel object preference test. Tukey’s post hoc tests; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001