Fig. 4.

SCFA treatment alleviated pain-induced cognitive deficits in rats. A Schematic of the SCFA intervention on the pain-induced cognitive deficits. Behavioral phenotypes after SCFA supplementation (acetate and butyrate), including B mechanical sensitivity, C the open field test, D Y-maze test, and E the novel object preference test in the sham group, SMIR group, S-AA group (SMIR rats with acetate), S-BTA group (SMIR rats with butyrate), S-AA-BTA group (SMIR rats with acetate and butyrate). F Dendrogram of hierarchical clustering analysis on the Y-maze test and the novel object preference test. sham group, n = 7; SMIR group, n = 18, rats in SMIR group were divided into S-su group (n = 13, SMIR rats with cognitive dysfunction) and S-unsugroup (n = 5, SMIR rats without cognitive dysfunction) by hierarchical clustering analysis; S-AA group, n = 11; S-BTA group, n = 11; S-AA-BTA group, n = 10. G–J Behavioral phenotypes in CPSP rats after hierarchical clustering analysis, including G mechanical sensitivity, H the open field test, I Y-maze, and J the novel object preference test. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; Tukey’s post hoc tests; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001