Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Development and internal validation dataset (Hospital A) n = 78,171 |
External validation dataset (Hospital B) n = 37,190 |
Pc | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-renal impairment | Renal impairment | Effect size (95% CI)a | pb | Non-renal impairment | Renal impairment | Effect size (95% CI)a | pb | |||
| Study population, n (%) | 72,393 (92.6) | 5778 (7.4) | 35,606 (95.7) | 1584 (4.3) | <0.001 | |||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 80.18 (15.04) | 64.28 (10.49) | −1.08 (−1.11 to −1.05) | <0.001 | 86.32 (16.20) | 65.84 (12.55) | −1.21 (−1.26 to −1.16) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Male, n, (%) | 39,026 (53.9) |
2,384 (41.3) |
<0.001 | 17,386 (48.8) | 703 (44.4) | 0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Heart rate, bpm (SD) | 71.26 (16.57) | 78.76 (22.37) | 0.44 (0.41–0.47) | <0.001 | 71.25 (15.66) | 81.51 (22.85) | 0.64 (0.59–0.69) | <0.001 | 0.262 | |
| PR interval, ms, mean (SD) | 171.36 (29.03) | 181.26 (41.11) | 0.33 (0.30–0.36) | <0.001 | 166.07 (25.91) | 176.68 (36.38) | 0.40 (0.35–0.45) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| QT interval, ms, mean (SD) | 406.32 (40.18) | 411.77 (55.95) | 0.13 (0.10–0.16) | <0.001 | 401.06 (37.32) | 403.23 (56.70) | 0.06 (0.01–0.11) | 0.027 | <0.001 | |
| QRS duration, ms, mean (SD) | 96.45 (17.46) | 102.44 (24.40) | 0.33 (0.30–0.36) | <0.001 | 94.42 (14.45) | 100.18 (23.00) | 0.39 (0.34–0.44) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| QTc, ms, mean (SD) | 436.54 (33.07) | 460.20 (42.46) | 0.70 (0.67–0.73) | <0.001 | 431.51 (30.68) | 458.43 (42.60) | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| P axis, mean (SD) | 43.58 (29.51) | 41.71 (40.63) | −0.06 (−0.09 to −0.03) | <0.001 | 44.35 (27.26) | 41.35 (35.47) | −0.11 (−0.16 to −0.06) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| R axis, mean (SD) | 38.59 (43.52) | 31.86 (52.46) | −0.15 (−0.18 to −0.13) | <0.001 | 41.35 (38.96) | 26.28 (47.25) | −0.38 (−0.43 to −0.33) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| T axis, mean (SD) | 43.92 (46.89) | 68.05 (69.89) |
0.49 (0 47–0.52) |
<0.001 | 38.31 (35.45) | 68.18 (64.66) | 0.80 (0.75–0.85) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| EGFR, mean (SD) | 88.08 (20.48) | 29.79 (11.83) | −2.92 (−2.95 to −2.89) | <0.001 | 97.73 (22.24) | 26.29 (13.37) | −3.26 (−3.31 to −3.20) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
aStandardized mean difference or Odds ratio
bThe alternative hypothesis for this p value was that there was a difference between the renal impairment and non-renal impairment
cThe alternative hypothesis for this p value was that there is a difference between hospital A (derivation and internal validation data group) and hospital B (external validation group) for each variable