Fig. 6.

Nanobody-nanogold labeling. a Sketch of the gold particle attachment principle: maleimide (brown)-coated gold 1.4 nm gold particles (red) are selectively bound to desired proteins (green) such as VGLUT1 by a nanobody (blue). Black lines illustrate the lipid bilayer. b Schematic of an experiment probing the distribution of gold-labelled proteins (red spheres) on the SV surface. c From the distance histograms of the simulated 2D projections, protein interaction potentials can be inferred. Here 19,900 pairs drawn at random with a Boltzmann weight have been evaluated, for the interaction-free case (ideal gas distribution on the sphere), as well as for attractive and repulsive potentials