Table 1.
Yield of 100% methanolic and 50% ethanolic C. aurantium flower extracts and 50% ethanolic extracts fermented by one of four lactic acid bacteria or two fungi.
| 100% methanol | 50% ethanol | B. bifidum | B. lactis | L. acidophilus | L. brevis | A. oryzae | A. niger | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extraction/Recover yield (%) | 5.1 ± 0.7%1 | 8.6 ± 0.4% | 78.2 ± 1.2%2,c | 76.5 ± 0.6%d | 83.1 ± 1.4%b | 86.2 ± 1.2%a | 70.2 ± 5.3%d | 73.5 ± 7.1%d |
| Optimal fermentation time (d) | – | – | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 |
Yield1 = g of dried extract by solvent/g of dried C. aurantium flower powder.
Yield2 = g of dried fermented extract/g of dried 50% ethanolic extract.
In each row, letters (a–d) indicate P < 0.01.