. 2022 Sep 1;8(9):e10498. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10498

Table 5.

Compositions and contents of phenolics and flavonoids in 50% ethanolic C. aurantium flower extract, unfermented and fermented by L. brevis.

	50% ethanolic extract	L. brevis–fermented extract
Phenolics (μg/g-dried extract)
caffeic acid	224 ± 2.31^a	206 ± 1.28^b
rosmarinic acid	75.4 ± 0.82^a	36.1 ± 1.12^b
ferulic acid	235 ± 1.89^a	52.3 ± 3.26^b
pyrogallol	526 ± 6.23^b	806 ± 8.61^a
syringic acid	278 ± 1.56^b	625 ± 9.33^a
gallic acid	206 ± 3.26^b	513 ± 7.21^a
Flavonoids (μg/g-dried extract)
rutin	405 ± 2.65^a	415 ± 2.14^a
apigenin	73.6 ± 0.63^b	82.3 ± 0.51^a
luteolin	86.3 ± 1.25^b	92.6 ± 0.95^a
naringin	361 ± 2.41^b	754 ± 5.83^a
quercetin	126 ± 0.95^b	138 ± 1.21^a
rhoifolin	21.6 ± 0.35^b	56.3 ± 0.84^a
eriocitrin	32.6 ± 1.45^b	47.2 ± 1.08^a
hesperidin	251 ± 3.48^a	36.7 ± 0.84^b
neohesperidin	658 ± 7.81^b	1,036 ± 12.3^a

In each row, letters (a–b) indicate P < 0.01.