The effects of Nrf2 expression on mitochondrial dynamics and function of EPCs. Healthy-EPCs were transfected with lentivirus carrying Ctrl-shRNA or Nrf2-shRNA and DM-EPCs were transfected with lentivirus carrying Lv-Ctrl or Lv-Nrf2. (A) Micrographs of mitochondrial morphology were visualized by MitoTracker Red CMXRos probe staining, and the morphological alterations were quantified by Image J and expressed as mitochondrial interconnectivity. The levels of (B) intracellular ROS, (C) mitochondrial ROS, and (D) mitochondrial membrane potential of EPCs were detected by DHE, MitoSOX™, and TMRM staining, respectively, and quantified by a flow cytometry and normalized by the average fluorescence density of the respective control group. (E) ATP concentration in EPCs was measured by an ATP assay Kit. n = 5–8 per group. Data shown in graphs represents the means ± SD. *p < 0.05, vs Ctrl-shRNA or Lv-Ctrl. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)