Fused deposition modeling 3D-printing scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration: morphology and surface microstructure. Scaffold images of PCL (A), PCL/PDA (B), PCL/AgNPs (C), PCL/PDA/AgNPs (D). Scanning electron microscopy photographs of PCL (E, I), PCL/PDA (F, J), PCL/AgNPs (G, L), PCL/PDA/AgNPs (H, M) scaffolds. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [63]. Copyright 2019 Elsevier.