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Targets of gut microbiota metabolites and the diseases related to these metabolites. AHR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor; FXR: farnesoid X receptor; GPR: G-protein-coupled receptor; HDACs: histone deacetylases; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; NLRP3: nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3; NAFL: non-alcoholic fatty liver; PXR: pregnane X receptor; TGR5: Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; VDR: vitamin D receptor.
