Figure 8.

Combined treatment with carboplatin and atorvastatin inhibited ovarian cancer in the ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model

(A) Representative images of ascites development at 4 weeks after tumor implantation. (B) Graphs showing significantly decreased ascites development in the atorvastatin or atorvastatin/carboplatin (CBP) treatment groups compared with that in the CBP treatment group (n = 8) (measurement >1 cc). ∗p < 0.05 compared with controls by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. Error bars, standard error of the mean. The standard deviation is zero because the number of cases is one in atorvastatin and atorvastatin/CBP groups. (C) Representative images of the peritoneal cavities of mice showing a reduction in peritoneal tumors in the CBP, atorvastatin, and atorvastatin/CBP groups compared with that in the control group and quantification of peritoneal metastases. (D and E) Comparative images and tumor weight analysis showed that the atorvastatin/CBP group had higher metastasis-suppressive ability than the CBP and atorvastatin groups. Based on α = 0.05, the effect size of the four groups (n = 32) is 4.35, and the power is 0.99 or higher. The sum of all visible tumor weights in each mouse was used as its tumor weight, and each point represents tumor volumes from eight mice. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. (F) Mature miR-424 and miR-503 expression in xenograft tumors for four groups. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 compared with controls by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (G and H) Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining for WEE1 and NANOG in xenograft tumors for four groups. Scale bars: 50 μm. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test.