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. 2022 Sep 10;36(6):701–715. doi: 10.1007/s40259-022-00555-5

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

A schematic illustration of extracellular vesicles used for acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment. The therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells on damaged lung tissue are mainly achieved through secreted extracellular vesicles. Four main mechanisms are involved, including anti-inflammatory, cell injury repair, alveolar fluid clearance, and microbe clearance