Table 2.
Univariate analysis for intraoperative hyperglycemia
| Hyperglycemic group (N = 65) | Non-hyperglycemic group (N = 375) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age ≥ 65 years, n(%) | 28 (43.07) | 111 (29.60) | 1.80 (1.05–3.08) | 0.031 |
| Female sex, n(%) | 34 (52.30) | 245 (65.33) | 0.58 (0.34–0.99) | 0.044 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 22.77 (21.01–25.28) | 24.14 (21.48–26.37) | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | 0.061 |
| ASA status ≥ 3, n(%) | 55 (84.61) | 145 (38.67) | 8.72 (4.31–17.65) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative impaired FBS, n(%) | 27 (41.53) | 118 (31.46) | 1.54 (0.90–2.65) | 0.111 |
| Co-morbidities, n(%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 37 (56.92) | 132 (35.20) | 2.43 (1.42–4.15) | 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 15 (23.07) | 11 (2.93) | 9.92 (4.31–22.81) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (10.76) | 20 (5.33) | 2.14 (0.86–5.29) | 0.097 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 7 (10.76) | 11 (2.93) | 3.99 (1.48–10.71) | 0.009 |
| Dyslipidemia | 20 (30.76) | 91 (24.26) | 1.38 (0.77–2.47) | 0.265 |
| Cirrhosis | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 0.022 | |
| Malignancy | 18 (27.7) | 87 (23.20) | 1.26 (0.70–2.29) | 0.433 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2 (3.07) | 7 (1.86) | 1.66 (0.33–8.21) | 0.627 |
| Emergency surgery, n(%) | 2 (3.07) | 25 (6.66) | 0.44 (0.10–1.92) | 0.401 |
| Preoperative dextrose solution, n(%) | 38 (58.46) | 292 (77.86) | 0.40 (0.23–0.70) | 0.001 |
| Intraoperative dextrose solution, (mL/hour) (mean ± SD) | 15.23 ± 44.74 | 7.85 ± 25.63 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.080 |
| Intraoperative isotonic crystalloid solution, (mL/hour) (mean ± SD) | 445.75 ± 294.95 | 468.19 ± 246.20 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.514 |
| Total intraoperative crystalloid solution, (L) (mean ± SD) | 3.00 ± 2171.60 | 2.04 ± 1552.99 | 1.33 (1.15–1.53) | < 0.001 |
| Intraoperative events | ||||
| Crystalloid ≥ 2000 mL, n(%) | 41 (63.07) | 169 (45.06) | 2.04 (1.19–3.48) | 0.007 |
| Blood transfusion, n(%) | 44 (67.69) | 62 (16.53) | 10.57 (5.88–19.02) | < 0.001 |
| Duration of anesthesia ≥ 3 h, n(%) | 61 (93.84) | 241 (64.26) | 8.47 (3.01–23.83) | < 0.001 |
| Intraoperative hypotension, n (%) | 54 (83.07) | 119 (31.73) | 10.56 (5.33–20.92) | < 0.001 |
| Hypothermia, n(%) | 55 (84.61) | 248 (66.13) | 2.85 (1.40–5.77) | 0.003 |
| Steroid use, n(%) | 32 (49.23) | 125 (33.33) | 1.93 (1.14–3.30) | 0.014 |
Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05
ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, FBS Fasting blood sugar, ENT Ear Nose Throat, MAP Mean arterial pressure, BMI Body mass index, SD Standard deviation