Table 2.

Use of primary health care services in patients without and with diabetes during the one-year period before the onset of study

	Patients without diabetes N = 176	Patients with diabetes N = 187	IRR (95% CI)
	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	Crude	Adjusted*
Doctor’s appointment	2.20(0.17)	3.45(0.22)	1.57 (1.29 to 1.91)a	1.50 (1.22 to 1.83)a
Emergency visits	0.09(0.02)	0.13(0.03)	1.41 (0.75 to 2.66)	1.43 (0.71 to 2.85)
Nurse’s appointment	2.64(0.34)	4.97(0.56)	1.89 (1.35 to 2.63)a	1.84 (1.29 to 2.63)a
X-ray studies	0.44(0.06)	0.67(0.08)	1.54 (1.08 to 2.20)b	1.46 (0.98 to 2.12)
Laboratory tests	3.11(0.34)	5.67(0.52)	1.82 (1.38 to 2.41)a	1.82 (1.34 to 2.47)a
Inpatient care	0.76(0.26)	0.97(0.35)	1.28 (0.48 to 3.42)	1.21 (0.40 to 3.64)

Abbreviation: SE Standard error, IRR Incidence rate ratio

^*Adjusted for age, gender, Charlson Index, GDS-15, and physical activity

a p < 0.001

b p = 0.017