Table 4.

Linear regression analysis of the associations between dietary scores and inflammatory and thrombotic biomarkers (n = 1862)

Biomarker	DASH score			MD score			DII score			E-DII score
	β	p	p (FDR)	β	p	p (FDR)	β	p	p (FDR)	β	p	p (FDR)
C3
Model 1	− 2.201	< .001	.003	− 1.313	.024	.225	1.346	.022	.132	1.462	.014	.116
Model 2	− 2.079	.001	.011	− 0.942	.103	.68	2.521	.002	.036	1.273	.032	.24
Log CRP
Model 1	− 0.062	< .001	.003	− 0.048	.004	.046	0.046	.006	.076	0.047	.005	.09
Model 2	− 0.045	.011	.074	− 0.040	.014	.174	0.063	.005	.076	0.041	.014	.153
Log IL-6
Model 1	− 0.076	< .001	.001	− 0.043	.013	.128	0.043	.013	.109	0.056	.001	.023
Model 2	− 0.063	.001	.011	− 0.034	.05	.455	0.060	.013	.151	0.052	.004	.058
Log TNF-α
Model 1	− 0.031	< .001	.003	− 0.012	.152	.616	0.007	.416	.868	0.023	.006	.096
Model 2	− 0.027	.004	.034	− 0.012	.183	.831	0.025	.038	.298	0.022	.016	.161
Log adiponectin
Model 1	0.010	.492	.543	0.000	.975	.985	− 0.003	.83	.976	− 0.010	.482	.862
Model 2	0.014	.387	.762	− 0.005	.737	.994	− 0.008	.683	.961	− 0.004	.815	.985
Log leptin
Model 1	− 0.020	.356	.543	− 0.033	.114	.616	0.018	.38	.868	0.022	.301	.77
Model 2	− 0.029	.155	.669	− 0.021	.263	.877	0.024	.347	.855	0.023	.236	.804
Log resistin
Model 1	− 0.019	.076	.298	− 0.003	.759	.982	0.027	.009	.079	0.028	.007	.096
Model 2	− 0.012	.304	.762	0.002	.834	.994	0.038	.009	.119	0.027	.012	.153
PAI-1
Model 1	− 0.635	.04	.182	− 0.036	.903	.985	0.033	.911	.976	− 0.028	.488	.862
Model 2	− 0.396	.239	.762	0.208	.501	.98	− 0.631	.141	.639	− 0.374	.239	.804
Log WBC
Model 1	− 0.040	< .001	.001	− 0.021	.001	.018	0.033	< .001	.001	0.025	< .001	.005
Model 2	− 0.028	< .001	.001	− 0.011	.091	.653	0.029	.001	.02	0.018	.007	.098
Log neutrophils
Model 1	− 0.052	< .001	.001	− 0.028	.001	.01	0.043	< .001	.001	0.036	< .001	.001
Model 2	− 0.041	< .001	.001	− 0.018	.028	.293	0.043	< .001	.007	0.029	< .001	.009
Log lymphocytes
Model 1	− 0.021	.01	.059	− 0.013	.1	.616	0.018	.017	.132	0.011	.152	.641
Model 2	− 0.006	.483	.762	− 0.004	.574	.984	0.011	.333	.855	0.002	.77	.985
Log NLR
Model 1	− 0.031	.001	.005	− 0.015	.107	.616	0.025	.008	.078	0.025	.009	.096
Model 2	− 0.035	.001	.011	− 0.013	.186	.831	0.032	.018	.183	0.027	.008	.104
Log monocytes
Model 1	− 0.034	< .001	.001	− 0.023	.002	.025	0.035	< .001	.001	0.020	.007	.096
Model 2	− 0.020	.014	.083	− 0.012	.111	.68	0.024	.024	.216	0.012	.139	.643
Log eosinophils
Model 1	− 0.021	.177	.431	− 0.010	.5	.956	0.026	.076	.363	0.011	.469	.862
Model 2	− 0.019	.262	.762	− 0.003	.838	.994	0.006	.766	.961	0.003	.865	.985
Log basophils
Model 1	− 0.020	.145	.431	− 0.009	.505	.956	0.016	.222	.699	0.016	.237	.744
Model 2	− 0.015	.328	.762	− 0.001	.929	.994	0.002	.919	.961	0.009	.543	.954

p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. p values are highlighted in bold

Model 1: adjusted for sex and age. Model 2: adjusted for sex, age, education, use of anti-inflammatory medications, type 2 diabetes, CVD, cancer, never/former/current smoker, physical activity, BMI and total energy intake. Models which examine the E-DII score do not adjust for total energy intake. Unstandardised β coefficients are shown. Significant p highlighted. For the DASH and MD, lower scores represent poorer and higher scores represent better quality diet. For the DII and E-DII, higher scores are more pro-inflammatory and lower scores are anti-inflammatory

C3 complement component 3, CRP c-reactive protein, DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, DII Dietary Inflammatory Index, E-DII Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index, FDR false discovery rate, IL-6 interleukin 6, MD Mediterranean Diet, TNF-α tumour necrosis factor-alpha, PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, WBC white blood cell count, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio