Table 2.
Association of clinical variables with either a “Moderate” or an “Optimal” increase in VO2peak from baseline to the end of CR program (N = 242)
| “Moderate” improvement: final VO2peak Δ > +5% from baseline |
“Optimal” improvement: final VO2peak Δ ≥ +15% from baseline |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No N = 107 |
Yes N = 135 |
p value |
No N = 165 |
Yes N = 77 |
p value |
|
| Age (years) | 80.9 ± 0.4 | 80.4 ± 0.4 | 0.401 | 80.6 ± 0,5 | 80.6 ± 0.5 | 0.670 |
| Male gender | 67.3 (72) | 64.8 (86) | 0.561 | 67.7 (110) | 68.3 (48) | 0.510 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 0.4 | 26.6 ± 0.3 | 0.254 | 26.1 ± 0.3 | 26.8 ± 0.4 | 0.205 |
| Hypertension | 74.8 (80) | 71.1 (96) | 0.526 | 71.5 (118) | 75.3 (58) | 0.535 |
| Diabetes | 22.4 (24) | 25.2 (34) | 0.618 | 24.8 (41) | 22.1 (17) | 0.638 |
| Dyslipidemia | 45.8 (49) | 45.9 (62) | 0.984 | 44.2 (73) | 49.4 (38) | 0.458 |
| Current smoking | 21.5 (23) | 23.7 (32) | 0.684 | 24.8 (41) | 18.2 (14) | 0.249 |
| COPD | 12.1 (13) | 6.7 (9) | 0.141 | 10.3 (17) | 6.5 (5) | 0.337 |
| BADL preserved | 5.8 ± 0.1 | 5.8 ± 0.0 | 0.842 | 5.8 ± 0.0 | 5.8 ± 0.1 | 0.318 |
| IADL preserved | 6.9 ± 0.2 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 0.003 | 7.1 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 0.115 |
| Mild-to-moderate disability | 16.0 (17) | 5.2 (7) | 0.005 | 11.6 (19) | 6.5 (5) | 0.218 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 5.8± 0.1 | 0.641 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 0.975 |
| MMSE score | 27.6 ± 0.2 | 28.0 ± 0.2 | 0.373 | 27.5 ± 0.2 | 28.2 ± 0.2 | 0.019 |
| 15-item GDS | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 0.667 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 0.415 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 64.3 ± 1.7 | 61.0 ± 1.4 | 0.134 | 62.5 ± 1.4 | 62.2 ± 1.8 | 0.893 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.5 ± 0.1 | 12.8 ± 0.1 | 0.183 | 12.6 ± 0.1 | 12.7 ± 0.2 | 0.931 |
| Total protein (mg/dL) | 6.9 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.0 | 0.965 | 6.9 ± 0.1 | 6.9 ± 0.0 | 0.895 |
| RAAS inhibitors | 90.7 (97) | 91.9 (124) | 0.742 | 92.7(153) | 88.3 (68) | 0.256 |
| Beta-blockers | 82.2 (88) | 88.9 (120) | 0.140 | 84.8(146) | 88.3 (68) | 0.470 |
| Statins | 93.5 (100) | 95.6 (129) | 0.472 | 95.2(157) | 93.5 (72) | 0.597 |
| NSTEMI-UA | 43.9 (47) | 32.8 (44) | 0.078 | 40.6 (67) | 31.6 (24) | 0.179 |
| STEMI | 56.1 (60) | 67.2 (90) | 59.4 (98) | 68.4 (53) | ||
| Complete revascularization | 60.0 (63) | 61.7 (82) | 0.525 | 62.9 (102) | 58.7 (44) | 0.663 |
| LVEF (%) | 53.7 ± 0.9 | 53.4 ± 0.8 | 0.908 | 53.5 ± 0.8 | 53.9 ± 1.0 | 0.786 |
| Baseline VO2peak (ml/kg/min) | 14.7 ± 0.4 | 12.6 ± 0.3 | 0.001 | 14.2 ± 0.3 | 12.0 ± 0.4 | 0.001 |
| N. training sessions | 12.6 ± 0.4 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | 0.022 | 12.8 ± 0.3 | 14.3 ± 0.5 | 0.011 |
eGFR estimate glomerular filtration rate, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BADL/IADL basic/instrumental activities of daily living, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, RAAS Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, NSTEMI-UA non-S-T segment elevation myocardial infarction/unstable angina, STEMI S-T segment elevation myocardial infarction, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, VO2peak maximal oxygen consumption
Bold characters highlight statistical significance