Fig. 3. Expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio, food intake, water intake, and activity level in adult normal-weight male mice matched on age, weight, fat, and normal-weight mass.

Weight (a), Fat free mass (b), and fat mass (c) at -8 day (the day before transfer to SABLE system). d Energy expenditure (kcal/h). e Average energy expenditures (0–108 h) at different temperatures (kcal/24 h). f Respiratory exchange ratios (RER) (VCO₂/VO₂). g Average RER (VCO₂/VO₂). h Cumulative food intakes (g). i Average food intakes (g/24 h). j Cumulative water intake (mL). k Average water intake (mL/24 h). l Cumulative activity level (m). m Average activity level (m/24 h). n Weight at day 18, o changes in weight (from day -8 to 18), p fat free mass at day 18, q changes in fat free mass (from day -8 to 18), r fat mass at day 18, and s changes in fat mass (from day -8 to day 18). Statistical significance was tested by Oneway-ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Tukey multiple comparison test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Data are presented as means + SEM and dark phase (1800-0600h) is indicated with grey boxes. Dots in bar graphs indicate individual mice. Averages were calculated over the entire experimental period (0–108 h). n = 7.