. 2022 Aug 24;29:900–922. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.032

Table 1.

Preclinical studies evaluating the effect of exosomal miRNAs in ischemic stroke

miRNA	Expression	Donor cell	Recipient cell	Exosome isolation	Main function
miR-1-3p⁸²	upregulation	ucMSCs	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	improve the cell viability and suppress apoptosis of neurons
miR-17-92⁸⁹	upregulation	MSCs	neurons, glial cells	ultracentrifugation	improve neurological function and enhance oligodendrogenesis, neurogenesis, and neurite remodeling/neuronal dendrite plasticity
miR-22-3p⁸¹	upregulation	ADSCs	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	improve neuronal survival by promoting the anti-apoptotic signaling cascade
miR-25³⁸	upregulation	ADSCs	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	inhibit autophagic flux and protect primary neurons from OGD injury
miR-26a⁸⁴	upregulation	ADSCs	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	arrest neuronal damage by disrupting the KLF9-mediated suppression on TRAF2/KLF2 axis
miR-26a⁹⁰	upregulation	USCs	NSCs	ultracentrifugation	promote both proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs
miR-26b-5p⁸⁵	upregulation	ucMSCs	SH-SY5Y, PC12, primary microglia	ultracentrifugation	inhibit neuronal apoptosis induced by M1 microglia polarization following OGD
miR-27-3p⁷⁵	upregulation	patient serum	BV2 microglia	ultracentrifugation	aggravate cerebral injury, impede behavior recovery, and promote microglia activation and inflammatory cytokine expressions
miR-31⁸⁶	upregulation	ADSCs	primary neurons	kit	reduce infarct volume and neuronal cell apoptosis after stroke
miR-34c⁶⁵	upregulation	ASs	N2a	ultracentrifugation	promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of N2a cells stimulated with OGD
miR-92b-3p⁶⁷	upregulation	primary ASs	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	attenuate OGD-induced neuron death and apoptosis
miR-98⁹⁵	upregulation	primary neurons	primary microglia	ultracentrifugation	inhibit platelet-activating factor receptor-mediated microglial phagocytosis to attenuate neuronal death
miR-124⁹¹	upregulation	BMSCs	NPCs	ultracentrifugation	ameliorate the brain injury by promoting neurogenesis
miR-124-3p⁷⁴	downregulation	patient serum	BV2	Kit	negatively correlate with serum proinflammatory cytokines and the NIHSS and promote the migration in LPS-induced BV2 microglia
miR-124⁶³	upregulation	BV2	primary ASs	ultracentrifugation	attenuate glial scar formation and astrocyte activation, proliferation, and migration and promote astrocyte to neural progenitor transition
miR-126⁹⁶	upregulation	patient serum	SH-SY5Y	ultracentrifugation	regulate the cell cycle and promote ischemia/hypoxia tolerance in neurons
miR-126⁹⁷	upregulation	ECs	ECs, SMCs, ASs	ultracentrifugation	increase axon and myelin density as well as vascular density, arterial diameter, and vessel patency, promoting M2 macrophage polarization
miR-126⁷⁷	upregulation	ADSCs	neurons, ECs, BV2	ultracentrifugation	inhibit microglial activation and the expression of inflammatory factors, improve functional recovery, and enhance neurogenesis
miR-132⁷⁹	upregulation	BMSCs	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	mitigate neuronal injury by targeting and suppressing Acvr2b expression
miR-133b⁹⁸	upregulation	BMSCs	neurons, ASs	ultracentrifugation	increase axonal plasticity and neurite remodeling and regulate the CTGF expression in astrocytes
miR-134⁹⁹	downregulation	BMSCs	OLs	ultracentrifugation	suppress OL apoptosis
miR-135a-5p¹⁰⁰	upregulation	M2 microglia	HT-22	ultracentrifugation	promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of neuronal cells and the expression of autophagy-related proteins
miR-137¹⁰¹	upregulation	M2 microglia	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	attenuate neuronal apoptosis, infarct volume, and behavioral deficits
miR-138-5p⁷⁶	upregulation	BMSCs	primary ASs	kit	promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis of astrocytes injured by OGD, and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors
miR-146a-5p⁸⁰	upregulation	ucMSCs	BV2 microglia	ultracentrifugation	reduce infarct volume, attenuate behavioral deficits, and ameliorate microglial activation
miR-181b⁹³	upregulation	ADSCs	BMECs	kit	promote the angiogenesis of BMECs after OGD via miRNA-181b/TRPM7 axis
miR-181c-3p⁷⁰	downregulation	primary neurons	primary ASs	kit	decrease the expression of CXCL1 and inflammatory factors in astrocytes
miR-206⁸²	upregulation	ucMSCs	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	improve the cell viability and suppress apoptosis of neurons
miR-210⁹²	upregulation	BMSCs	BMECs	ultracentrifugation	promote VEGF expression and angiogenesis
miR-221-3p⁸³	upregulation	BMSCs	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	attenuate inflammation, pathological changes, and apoptosis in MCAO mice brain tissues and promote the viability and repress apoptosis of OGD-treated neurons
miR-223-3p⁸⁷	upregulation	MSCs	BV2	ultracentrifugation	reduce cerebral infarct volume, improve neurological deficits, and promote learning and memorizing abilities
miR-361⁶⁹	upregulation	primary AS	PC12	ultracentrifugation	relieve nerve damage caused by ischemia and suppress cell apoptosis
miR-542-3p⁷⁸	upregulation	MSCs	HA1800 ASs	ultracentrifugation	alleviate OGD-induced cell apoptosis, ROS, and inflammation response
miR-1290¹⁰²	upregulation	ucMSCs	primary neurons	ultracentrifugation	protect neurons by attenuating apoptosis

BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; OGD, oxygen-glucose deprivation; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; ECs, endothelial cells; SMCs, smooth muscle cells; ADSCs, adipose-derived stem cells; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; ucMSCs, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; KLF9, Kruppel-like factor; TRAF2, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 2; OLs, oligodendrocytes; ASs, astrocytes; BMECs, brain microvascular endothelial cells; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; USCs, human urine-derived stem cells; NSCs, neural stem cells; NPCs, neural progenitor cells.