. 2022 Aug 24;29:900–922. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.032

Table 3.

Preclinical studies evaluating the effect of exosomal miRNAs in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

miRNA	Expression	Donor cell	Recipient cell	Exosome isolation	Main function
miR-20a-5p¹⁵¹	upregulation	HK-2	TECs	ultracentrifugation	promote TECs’ proliferation and improve mitochondrial functions
miR-21¹⁵⁶	upregulation	serum, C2C12	TECs	ultracentrifugation	anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and attenuate sepsis-induced renal injury
miR-21¹⁵⁷	upregulation	senescent cells	HPTCs	ultracentrifugation	promote HPTCs’ phenotype transition through enhancing HIF-1α signaling
miR-21¹⁵⁸	upregulation	BMDCs	TECs	ultracentrifugation	promote BMDCs’ maturation
miR-21¹⁵⁹	upregulation	TECs	kidney, heart, liver, and lungs	ultracentrifugation	decrease apoptosis and reduce proinflammatory cytokines production in kidney, heart, liver, and lungs
miR-23a¹⁶⁰	upregulation	TECs	macrophages	ultracentrifugation	activate macrophages to promote tubulointerstitial inflammation via suppression of the ubiquitin editor A20
miR-30¹⁵²	upregulation	MSCs	TECs	ultracentrifugation	alleviate mitochondrial fragmentation and DRP1 activation and inhibit mitochondrial apoptotic pathways
miR-93-5p¹⁵³	upregulation	MSCs	kidney tissue	ultracentrifugation	inhibit apoptosis and inflammation, reduce tissue damage, and promote renal function
miR-124-3p¹⁵⁴	upregulation	TECs	HK2 cell	ultracentrifugation	HPC EVs are more effective to attenuate mice renal I/R injury than normoxic EVs
miR-125a¹⁵⁵	upregulation	rat kidney tissues	NA	kit	biomarker
miR-125b-5p¹⁶¹	upregulation	ucMSCs	TECs and HK2	ultracentrifugation	attenuate the cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of TECs
miR-146a-5p¹⁶³	upregulation	USCs	HK2 cell	ultracentrifugation	reduce renal tubular injury and inhibit local inflammation and oxidative stress in cells
miR-150¹⁶²	upregulation	TECs	kidney interstitial fibroblast cells	ultracentrifugation	initiate the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts
miR-150-5p¹⁶⁴	upregulation	TECs	kidney fibroblasts	ultracentrifugation	activate fibroblasts and aggravate renal fibrosis
miR-199a-3p¹⁶⁷	upregulation	BMSCs	HK-2 cell	ultracentrifugation	inhibit apoptosis, downregulate Sema3A, activate AKT and ERK pathways, and alleviate kidney ischemia injury
miR-199a-5p¹⁶⁶	upregulation	BMSCs	TECs	ultracentrifugation	amplify the suppression of ER stress and further protect against I/R injury
miR-200a-3p¹⁶⁷	upregulation	MSCs	TECs	ultracentrifugation	suppress inflammatory response, inhibit cell apoptosis, and regulate mitochondrial structure and function
miR-216a-5p¹⁶⁸	upregulation	USCs	HK-2 cell	ultracentrifugation	induce apoptosis suppression and functional protection
miR-218-5p¹⁶⁹	upregulation	kidney perfusate	PBMCs	ultracentrifugation	modulate immune responses in transplant recipients
miR-351¹⁵⁵	upregulation	rat kidney tissues	NA	kit	biomarker
miR-374b-5p¹⁷⁰	upregulation	TECs	M1 macrophage	ultracentrifugation	activate a high-level inflammatory response and M1 macrophage reaction
miR-486-5p¹⁷¹	upregulation	ECFCs	ECs, TECs	ultracentrifugation	prevent ischemic kidney injury by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog and inhibiting ECs apoptosis
miR-486-5p¹⁷²	upregulation	ECFCs	HUVECs	ultracentrifugation	decrease PTEN, stimulate Akt phosphorylation, and induce potent functional and histologic protection
miR-486-5p¹⁷⁴	upregulation	ECFCs	HUVECs	ultracentrifugation	involve interaction of CXCR4 with endothelial cell SDF-1α
miR-486-5p¹⁷³	upregulation	ECFCs	ECs	ultracentrifugation	inhibit apoptosis of ECs
miR-500a-3p¹⁷⁵	downregulation	patient serum	TECs	ultracentrifugation	suppress MLKL expression and attenuate cisplatin-induced programmed cell death and NF-κB-driven renal inflammation in ECs
miR-687¹⁷⁶	upregulation	rat kidney tissues	liver tissue	kit	upregulate hepatic tissue inflammation and induce liver tissue injury and apoptosis

ucMSCs, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; TECs, tubular epithelial cells; USCs, human urine-derived stem cells; ECFCs, endothelial colony-forming cells; ECs, endothelial cells; PTs, proximal tubules; MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein; HPTCs, human proximal tubular cells; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; HPC, hypoxia preconditioning; EVs, extracellular vesicles; I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; ECFCs, endothelial colony-forming cells; ADSCs, adipose-derived stem cells; HUVECs, human umbilical endothelial cells; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; BMDCs, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells; ER, ER BIP, binding immunoglobulin protein; CXCR4, CXC chemokine receptor type 4; SDF-1α, stromal cell-derived factor-1α; DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1.