Table 3:

Studies involving the use of different stem cells for glaucoma treatment

Study	Cell Type	Origin	Model	Duration of Action	Pros	Cons	Reference
Use stem cells to treat Tg-MYOC Y437H POAG mouse model	TMSC	Human	Mouse Transgenic Age 4–6 months	2 months	Precursor cell to cells being replaced or supported	Autologous TMSCs difficult to obtain May have same abnormalities as existing TM cells Non-autologous cells introduce immunological risks	(Xiong et al., 2021)
Use stem cells in C57BL/6 WT mice	TMSC	Human	Mouse C57BL/6 WT (adult 10 weeks)	4 months	Precursor cell to cells being replaced or supported	Autologous TMSCs difficult to obtain May have same abnormalities as existing TM cells Non-autologous cells introduce immunological risks	(Du et al., 2013)
Use stem cells in laser photocoagulati on damaged mice	TMSC	Human	Mouse C57BL/6 WT (adult 10 weeks)	4 weeks	Precursor cell to cells being replaced or supported	Autologous TMSCs difficult to obtain May have same abnormalities as existing TM cells Non-autologous cells introduce immunological risks	(Yun et al., 2018)
Use stem cells to treat Tg-MYOC Y437H POAG mouse model	iPSC	Mouse	Mouse Transgenic Age 4 months	9 weeks	Pluripotent by reactivation Avoids ethical concerns of culture from embryos Can use autologous cells	Conversion to stem cells is time consuming and costly If non-autologous, risk of rejection present Possible tumorigenesis or teratoma formation	(Zhu et al., 2016)
Use stem cells to treat Tg-MYOC Y437H POAG mouse model	iPSC	Mouse	Mouse Transgenic Age 6 months	3 months	Pluripotent by reactivation Avoids ethical concerns of culture from embryos Can use autologous cells	Conversi on to stem cells is time consumi ng and costly If non-autologo us, risk of rejection present Possible tumorigenesis or teratoma formation	(Zhu et al., 2017)
Use stem cells in ex vivo human ocular perfusion organ culture system	iPSC	Human	Ex vivo human eyes Age 79.2 yrs +/− 14.6	2 weeks	Pluripotent by reactivation Avoids ethical concerns of culture from embryos Can use autologous cells	Conversion to stem cells is time consuming and costly If non-autologous, risk of rejection present Possible tumorigenesis or teratoma formation	(Zhu et al., 2020)
Use stem cells in ex vivo human ocular perfusion organ culture system	iPSC	Human	Ex vivo human eyes using saponine to damage the TM cells	N/A	Pluripotent by reactivation Avoids ethical concerns of culture from embryos Can use autologous cells	Conversion to stem cells is time consuming and costly If non-autologous, risk of rejection present Possible tumorigenesis or teratoma formation	(Abu-Hassan et al., 2015)
Use stem cells in C57BL/6 WT mice	adMSC	Human	Mouse C57BL/6 WT (adult 10 weeks)	1 month	Multipotent Easy access to these cells Neuroprotect ive effect from secretion of neurotrophic growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines	Necessary to expand stem cells to achieve adequate number to transplant	(Zhou et al., 2020)
Use stem cells in laser-damaged ocular hypertension rat model	MSC	Mouse	Rat with laser damage to half circumferen ce of anterior chamber angle	1 month	Multipotent Easy access to these cells Neuroprotect ive effect from secretion of neurotrophic growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines	Necessary to expand stem cells to achieve adequate number to transplant	(Manuguerr a-GagnÉ et al., 2013)
Use stem cells in vessel cauterized ocular hypertension rat model	MSC	Rat	Rat Long Evans WT with 3 cauterized episcleral veins	1 month	Multipotent Easy access to these cells Neuroprotect ive effect from secretion of neurotrophic growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines	Necessary to expand stem cells to achieve adequate number to transplant	(Roubeix et al., 2015)

Adapted and modified from (Mallick et al., 2021) under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license.