Table 2.
Prevalence of Food Insecurity by Categorical Explanatory Variables among Low-income (<200% of the FPL) Adults Aged 18–64: California Health Interview Survey, 2014–2019 (N=25,948)
| Food insecurity | P-value from | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| N | Prevalence (95% CI) | bivariate analysis | |
| E-cigarette use status | <.0001 | ||
| Current e-cigarette use | 876 | 55.1 (49.2, 61.0) | |
| Former e-cigarette use | 1,804 | 48.3 (44.6, 52.0) | |
| Never e-cigarette use | 8,912 | 41.2 (39.8, 42.6) | |
| Cigarette smoking status | <.0001 | ||
| Current smoking | 2,781 | 52.7 (49.2,56.3) | |
| Former smoking | 2,267 | 44.9 (41.8,48.0) | |
| Never smoking | 6,544 | 40.3 (38.6,42.0) | |
| Tobacco use status | <.0001 | ||
| Dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes | 525 | 60.2 (53.4, 67.0) | |
| Current sole e-cigarette use | 351 | 50.5 (41.4, 59.7) | |
| Current sole cigarette smoking | 2,256 | 51.0 (46.9, 55.0) | |
| Former tobacco use | 2,560 | 43.4 (40.6, 46.2) | |
| Never tobacco use | 5,900 | 39.9 (38.2, 41.6) | |
| Gender | 0.0102 | ||
| Men | 4,495 | 41.0 (39.0, 43.0) | |
| Women | 7,097 | 44.7 (42.8, 46.5) | |
| Age group | <.0001 | ||
| 18–25 | 1,728 | 37.8 (34.9, 40.7) | |
| 26–34 | 1,773 | 42.0 (39.2, 44.9) | |
| 35–49 | 3,281 | 46.3 (43.8, 48.8) | |
| 50–64 | 4,810 | 44.4 (41.8, 47.1) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.0001 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 4,005 | 44.4 (41.5, 47.3) | |
| Hispanic | 5,379 | 43.5 (41.6, 45.4) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 824 | 53.5 (48.7, 58.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 669 | 29.3 (25.3, 33.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 715 | 53.2 (45.2, 61.3) | |
| Education | <.0001 | ||
| Less than high school | 2,963 | 47.9 (45.3, 50.4) | |
| High school diploma | 3,572 | 43.3 (40.7, 45.8) | |
| Some college | 3,483 | 42.3 (39.6, 45.0) | |
| College degree or above | 1,574 | 33.3 (30.1, 36.5) | |
| Marital status | <.0001 | ||
| Married | 3,420 | 40.5 (38.4, 42.7) | |
| Never married | 3,796 | 39.6 (37.3, 42.0) | |
| Other marital status# | 4,376 | 51.1 (48.6, 53.5) | |
| Poverty status | <.0001 | ||
| 0–99% FPL | 6,411 | 49.1 (47.2, 51.0) | |
| 100–199% FPL | 5,181 | 37.4 (35.4, 39.1) | |
| Employment status | 0.0292 | ||
| Employed | 6,021 | 41.6 (39.9–43.3) | |
| Unemployed, looking for job | 1,097 | 46.5 (41.8–51.3) | |
| Unemployed, not looking for job | 4,474 | 44.8 (42.6–47.1) | |
| Obesity status | <.0001 | ||
| Underweight | 246 | 44.2 (34.3–54.0) | |
| Normal | 3,297 | 38.6 (35.8–41.3) | |
| Overweight | 3,534 | 42.1 (39.2–44.9) | |
| Obesity | 4,515 | 47.8 (45.5–50.1) | |
| Survey year | 0.0188 | ||
| 2014 | 1,630 | 40.4 (37.5, 43.3) | |
| 2015 | 2,383 | 45.2 (42.8, 47.5) | |
| 2016 | 2,402 | 45.8 (42.3, 49.3) | |
| 2017 | 1,964 | 41.8 (38.6, 45.1) | |
| 2018 | 1,853 | 39.6 (36.5, 42.7) | |
| 2019 | 1,360 | 45.0 (41.0, 49.1) | |
Note: All the estimates are obtained from the weighted analysis.
CI=confidence interval; FPL=Federal poverty level.
#
Includes widowed, separated, divorced, and living with partner.