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. 2000 Sep;182(18):5029–5035. doi: 10.1128/jb.182.18.5029-5035.2000

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4

Depiction of three independent pathways for the evolution of six- and seven-TMS transporter modules. A, MC family of exchange transporters; B, MIP family of aquaporins and glycerol facilitators; C, LCT family of eukaryotic organellar proteins. Arrows indicate the direction of passage through the membrane, while numbers refer to the TMSs in the repeat unit of the polypeptide chain.