Table 1.
Baseline profiles, treatment, clinical, and imaging characteristics according to dichotomized state of flow mediated dilatation.
|
Decreased FMD (N = 53) |
Normal FMD (N = 93) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 51 ± 11 | 45 ± 10 | 0.002 |
| Sex, male | 46 (86.8%) | 67 (72.0%) | 0.040 |
| Onset to presentation, d | 1 [0–3.5] | 1 [0–5.5] | 0.489 |
| Presentation pattern | 0.340 | ||
| Ischemic stroke | 43 (81.1%) | 69 (74.2%) | |
| Headache, others | 10 (18.9%) | 24 (25.8%) | |
| Onset to FMD, d | 9 [6–13] | 10 [6–14] | 0.860 |
| Morphology | 0.368 | ||
| Stenosis | 17 (32.1%) | 20 (21.5%) | |
| Dilatation | 16 (30.2%) | 32 (34.4%) | |
| Occlusion | 20 (37.7%) | 41 (44.1%) | |
| Circulation | 0.992 | ||
| Carotid | 16 (30.2%) | 28 (30.1%) | |
| Vertebro-basilar | 37 (69.8%) | 65 (69.9%) | |
| Intra vs. extracranial | 0.002 | ||
| Intracranial | 43 (81.1%) | 52 (55.9%) | |
| Extracranial | 10 (18.9%) | 41 (44.1%) | |
| HTN | 28 (52.8%) | 30 (32.3%) | 0.015 |
| DM | 5 (9.4%) | 7 (7.5%) | 0.687 |
| Smoking | 25 (47.2%) | 35 (37.6%) | 0.260 |
| Dyslipidemia | 13 (24.5%) | 20 (21.5%) | 0.675 |
| Treatments | 0.398 | ||
| Medical | 47 (88.7%) | 81 (87.1%) | |
| Acute intervention | 5 (9.4%) | 10 (10.8%) | |
| Delayed intervention | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Bypass operation | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.2%) | |
| Medications | 0.003 | ||
| None | 5 (9.4%) | 3 (3.2%) | |
| Antiplatelet | 26 (49.1%) | 25 (26.9%) | |
| Anticoagulation | 22 (41.5%) | 65 (69.9%) | |
| Clinical follow-up | (N = 53) | (N = 90) | |
| 3-month mRS | 1.0 [1.0–2.0] | 1.0 [0.0–1.0] | 0.068 |
| New ischemic stroke | 5 (9.4%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0.125 |
| New SAH | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Image follow-up | (N = 48) | (N = 81) | |
| Spont. arterial healing | 15 (31.3%) | 57 (70.4%) | <0.001 |
| Aneurysm enlargement | 3 (6.3%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0.112 |
| Ischemic course | (N = 43) | (N = 69) | |
| NIHSS | 3.0 [1.0–5.0] | 2.0 [1.0–5.0] | 0.875 |
| END | 7 (16.3%) | 6 (8.7%) | 0.223 |
| 3-month mRS | 1.0 [1.0–2.0] | 1.0 [0.0–2.0] | 0.308 |
FMD, flow mediated dilatation; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; END, early neurological deterioration.