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. 2022 Aug 29;13:973461. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.973461

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Dim artificial light at night (ALAN) changes the daily rhythm of locomotor activity (A–C) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER, (D–F). Rats were kept either in the standard LD regime (CTRL; grey) or exposed to dim artificial light at night (ALAN; blue) for 2 weeks. Daily rhythms of parameters are presented in 1-h intervals over 24 h (A,D). Mean values of parameters per 12 h (light and dark/dim light phase) (B,E). Mean 24-h values of measured parameters (C,F). The grey area indicates the dark/dim light phase. Data represent mean ± SEM with n = 8 per group. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures with subsequent Fisher’s LSD or Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used to compare groups (CTRL and ALAN) in 1-h intervals or during the light and dark/dim light phase, respectively. 24-h mean data were analyzed by the Student’s t-test to reveal differences between groups. Significant effects are indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).