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. 2022 Aug 29;13:973461. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.973461

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Copyright © 2022 Rumanova, Okuliarova, Foppen, Kalsbeek and Zeman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Expression of clock genes remained rhythmic after dim ALAN exposure. Rats were kept either in the standard LD regime (CTRL; grey) or exposed to dim light at night (ALAN; blue) for 2 weeks. Relative mRNA levels of clock genes in the liver (A–E) and the adipose tissue (F–J). Grey area indicates the dark/dim light phase. Data represent mean ± SEM with n = 5-6 per group. Solid lines indicate the significant daily rhythms (p < 0.05) and dashed lines show rhythms with a trend to significance (p-value between 0.05 and 0.1). Missing lines represent non-significant 24-h rhythm. Significant changes in amplitude (A) and acrophase (φ) revealed by Wald tests are specified by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and # a trend to significance (p-value between 0.05 and 0.1).