Table 2.
Effects of bioactive compounds and extracts on biogenic amines (BAs) in biological systems.
| Model | Sample | Benefits | BA, or enzyme measured | Effect on BA or enzyme | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mast cell model: rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) | Epigallocatechin gallate (100, 200 μM) | Prevent histamine release from the cells | Histamine (antigen stimulated release) | 61–89% reduction | [116] |
| Rat RBL-2H3 cells | Epigallocatechin gallate (100 μM) | Not determined | Histamine decarboxylase | 57% inhibition | [117] |
| transgenic mouse: spontaneous skin tumors due to over-expression of ODC | Epigallocatechin gallate (0.045%) in drinking water | Reduction of tumor | Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) | 50% inhibition of ODC | [120] |
| Polyamines (putrescine, spermine, spermidine) | No change in polyamines | ||||
| Mice, topical application | Green tea extract, Epigallocatechin gallate, EGC, EC, ECG (2.0 mg sample in 0.2 mL acetone) | Reduction of tumor | Epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (tumor induced) | 17–51% inhibition | [121] |
| Mice—induced ageing | Mangiferin, (polyphenol mango fruits, 10–40 mg/kg) | Improved learning and retention of learned memory | Brain dopamine (ageing induced increase) | Reverse the 10% dopamine increase | [122] |
| Spontaneously hypertensive rats | Flavodilol 35–75 mg/kg | Decline of blood pressure | Serotonin | 70–80% reduction of serotonin in the spleen | [124] |
| 15–20% reduction in brain | |||||
| Mice—induced depression | Oleuropein (8–32 mg/kg), olive polyphenol | Less depression-like behaviors, reduced serotonin and dopamine | serotonin and dopamine | Reverse the 27% decrease of serotonin and dopamine to 10% | [125] |
| Rat brain—Fluoride induced toxicity | Resveratrol | Reduced oxidative damage to brain tissues | Dopamine | The decrease 66–74% of serotonin and dopamine was improved to 89–97% | [126] |
| 20 mg/kg (Maintain BAs in brain region) | Serotonin | ||||
| Mice, Parkinson's disease model | Curcumin (80 mg/kg), Tetrahydro-curcumin (60 mg/kg) | Neuro-protection | Dopamine | Improve brain dopamine from a 73% decrease to 25–30% | [131] |
| Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) | Inhibit brain MAA-B (30–35% | ||||
| Stressed rats | Curcumin (20 and 40 mg/kg) | Anti-depressant | Dopamine, Serotonin, Monoamine oxidase (MAO) | Reverse depletion of brain serotonin and dopamine | [132] |
| Inhibit MAO (30–50%) | |||||
| Human, healthy young adults | blackcurrant berry polyphenol extracts (8.75 mg/kg bodyweight as part of a drink) | Cognitive benefits | Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) | inhibition platelet MAO-B (96%) | [133] |
| Human colon cancer-derived metastatic cells | Procyanidins from apples (95% (−) epicatechin and 4% (+) catechin). Assayed at 50 μg/mL | Chemoprevention, growth inhibition | Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) N-acetyltransferase | Reduced activities of ODC and AdoMetDC were reduced by 38–50% | [134] |
| Increase putrescine (25%) | |||||
| Decrease of spermine (20%) and spermidine (10%) | |||||
| Increase of N-acetylspermidine (15%) |