Figure 4.

Smartphone-based semen analysis

(A) Illustration of smartphone-based semen analysis system displaying lens, 3D printed housing, switch, battery, slide holder, and LED.

(B–D) Comparison of manual conventional method of analysis and smartphone estimation.

(B) Linear regression analysis showed agreement (n = 31).

(C) Passing-Bablok analysis on sperm viability assessments showed strong linear relationship (n = 103).

(D) Band-Altman analysis (n = 20) on DNA fragmentation scores.

Adapted from ref. (Dimitriadis et al., 2019) in accordance with the Creative Commons 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.