Table 1.
Summary of Included Studies.
| Country | Design | Drug | Baseline Diameter (mm) | Sample size | Follow-up Time(year) | AAA growth mm (SD) per year | P-value | AAA-related events | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin | ||||||||||
| Unosson, 2020 17 | Sweden | RCS | Metformin(T2DM) | 36.5 (5.9) | 65 | 3.2 (1.7) | 1.1 (1.1) | NA | NA | NA |
| Without metformin(T2DM) | 37.5 (6.0) | 33 | 1.6 (1.4) | |||||||
| No diabetes | 38.2 (6.1) | 428 | 2.3 (2.2) | |||||||
| Itoga, 2018 18 | United States | RCS | Metformin | 38.0 (7.1) | 5492 | 4.2(2.6) | 1.2 (1.9) | P < 0.001 | NA | NA |
| Diabetes not prescribed metformin | 8342 | 1.5 (2.2) | ||||||||
| Golledge, 2018 19 | Australia | PCS | No diabetes | 46.6(11.5) | 846 | 2.5(3.3) | NA | NA | 378 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes not prescribed metformin | 45.3(10.0) | 105 | 2.2(2.9) | 44 | ||||||
| Diabetes prescribed metformin | 43.4（10.3) | 129 | 3.2(3.3) | 32 | ||||||
| Katrine, 2017 20 | Denmark | CC | Diabetes prescribed metformin | NA | 1152 | 5 | NA | NA | 81 | NA |
| Diabetes not prescribed metformin | 1875 | 184 | ||||||||
| Golledge, 2017 21 | Australia and New Zealand | RCS(1) | Diabetes prescribed metformin | 36.9(6.3) | 118 | 3.6(2.4) | 1.03(2.68) | 0.012 | NA | NA |
| Diabetes not prescribed metformin | 99 | 1.60(2.94) | 0.217 | |||||||
| No diabetes | 1140 | 1.62(2.45) | ||||||||
| RCS(2) | Diabetes prescribed metformin | 40.9(7.3) | 39 | 2.9(2.6) | 1.40(2.99) | 0.004 | NA | NA | ||
| Diabetes not prescribed metformin | 30 | 2.18(2.96) | 0.514 | |||||||
| No diabetes | 218 | 2.55(3.04) | ||||||||
| RCS(3) | Diabetes prescribed metformin | NA | 16 | NA | 0.37(1.28) | 0.018 | NA | NA | ||
| Diabetes not prescribed metformin | 3 | 0.95(1.18) | 0.693 | |||||||
| No diabetes | 34 | 1.46(1.52) | ||||||||
| Fujimura, 2016 3 | USA | RCS | Metformin(T2DM) | NA | 43 | 2.6(0.3) | 0.4(0.6) | NA | NA | NA |
| Without metformin(T2DM) | 15 | 1.7(0.5) | ||||||||
| Hypotensive drugs | ||||||||||
| Golledge, 2020 22 | Australia | RCT | Telmisartan | 43.3 (4.8) | 107 | 2 | 1.7（1.8） | 0.663 | 11 | 0.52 |
| Placebo | 43.1 (5.2) | 103 | 1.8（1.8） | 8 | ||||||
| Bicknell, 2016 23 | London | RCT | Perindopril | 40.5 (6.5) | 73 | 2 | 1.8（1.7） | 0.78 | 10 | 0.85 |
| Amlodipine | 40.3 (6.9) | 72 | 1.8(1.7) | 0.68 | 11 | |||||
| Placebo | 40.6 (6.7) | 79 | 1.7（1.8） | 11 | ||||||
| Kristensen, 2015 24 | Denmark | RCS | ACEIs | NA | 1186 | 5 | NA | NA | 628 | NA |
| ARB | NA | 467 | 304 | |||||||
| No ACEIs/ARB | NA | 7788 | 2787 | |||||||
| Sweeting, 2010 25 | London | RCS | ACEIs | 44.1 (7.4) | 169 | 5.3 | 3.3（0.21） | 0.009 | NA | NA |
| No ACEIs | 42.7 (6.8) | 1532 | 2.7（0.21） | |||||||
| Hackam, 2006 26 | Canada | CC | ACEI | NA | 3426 | 10 | NA | NA | 665 | 0.008 |
| No ACEI | 11900 | 2714 | ||||||||
| Laupacis, 2002 27 | Canada | RCT | Propranolol | 3.92 (0.54) | 276 | 2.5(1.1) | 2.6（3.1） | 0.11 | 57 | NA |
| Placebo | 3.94 (0.53) | 272 | 2.2（2.8） | 73 | ||||||
| Lindholt, 1999 28 | Denmark | RCT | Propranolol | NA | 30 | NA | 3.1(2.5) | 0.7 | 7 | NA |
| Placebo | 24 | 2.8(2.4) | 5 | |||||||
| Antibiotics | ||||||||||
| Baxter, 2020 29 | United States | RCT | Doxycycline | 4.3 (0.4) | 129 | 2 | 3.6（2.1） | 0.93 | 13 | 0.41 |
| Placebo | 4.3 (0.4) | 125 | 3.6（2.8） | 9 | ||||||
| Meijer, 2013 30 | Netherlands | RCT | Doxycycline | 43.0 (5.5) | 144 | 1.5 | 2.8(2.1) | 0.016 | 21 | NA |
| Placebo | 43.1 (5.5) | 142 | 2.1(2.1) | 24 | ||||||
| Karlsson, 2009 31 | Sweden | RCT | Azithromycin | 40(6.1) | 122 | 1.5 | 2.2(1.8) | 0.85 | 16 | NA |
| Placebo | 40.3(5.2) | 125 | 2.2(1.9) | 13 | ||||||
| Høgh 2009 32 | Denmark | RCT | Roxithromycin | 38.14 (5.7) | 42 | 5.27(1.99) | 1.6(1.5) | 0.055 | 12 | 0.337 |
| Placebo | 37.12 (5.3) | 42 | 2.5(2.5) | 17 | ||||||
| Vammen, 2001 33 | Denmark | RCT | Roxithromycin | 38.1(5.7) | 43 | 2 | 1.6(1.5) | 0.02 | 5 | NA |
| Placebo | 36.9(5.1) | 49 | 2.8(2.5) | 7 | ||||||
| Mosorin, 2001 34 | Finland | RCT | Doxycycline | 32.4(8.9) | 17 | 1.5 | 1.5(2.4) | NA | 2 | NA |
| Placebo | 35.3(7.4) | 15 | 3.1(4.7) | 3 | ||||||
| Statins | ||||||||||
| Gokani, 2015 35 | United Kingdom | RCS | Stains | 67 | 226 | 7 | NA | NA | 39 | NA |
| No statins | 68 | 757 | 276 | |||||||
| Wemmelund, 2014 36 | Canada | CC | Statins | NA | 1313 | 12 | NA | NA | 576 | NA |
| No-statins | 5855 | 3008 | ||||||||
| Meij, 2013 37 | Netherlands | RCS | Statins | 43.4 (5.5) | 103 | NA | 0.06(2.23) | 0.89 | NA | NA |
| placebo | 42.2 (5.5) | 39 | 0(2.23) | |||||||
| Karrowni, 2011 39 | United States | RCS | Statin | 40.6(5.2) | 136 | 1 | 0.26(1.50) | <0.0001 | NA | NA |
| Placebo | 40.2(4.5) | 75 | 3.37(2.19) | |||||||
| Ferguson, 2010 38 | Australia | RCS | Statins | 34.9(3.34) | 349 | 6 | 0.58(0.9) | NA | NA | NA |
| Placebo | 33.5(4.1) | 303 | 0.78(0.98) | |||||||
| Mosorin, 2008 40 | Finland | RCS | Statins | 38.7(7.0) | 34 | 3.6(2.2) | 1.9（1.8） | 0.27 | NA | NA |
| Placebo | 39.3(6.3) | 87 | 2.6（2.4) | |||||||
| Schouten, 2006 41 | Netherlands | RCS | Statins | 40 (8.5) | 59 | 5.9(8.9) | 2.0（2.3） | 0.001 | NA | NA |
| Placebo | 37 (7.0) | 91 | 3.6（3.6） | |||||||
RCS:Retrospective cohort study, T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, PCS: Prospective cohort study, CC:Case contral study, RCT: Randomised controlled trial, ACEIs: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,ARBs: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers,NA:not applicable