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. 2022 Aug 29;9:974772. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.974772

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

The functional RNA domains of human NEAT1 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). (A). Schematics show the domains of human NEAT1_2 lncRNA required for the form and function of paraspeckles. These domains include NEAT1_2 stability, isoform switching from NEAT1_1 to NEAT1_2, polyadenylation signal (PAS), UG-repeats that sequester TDP-43 proteins, R-loop formation (Dumelie and Jaffrey, 2017), DNA:RNA triplex formation (Sentürk Cetin et al., 2019), paraspeckle assembly (B block), shell-formation (A and C blocks). The spherical and cylindrical paraspeckles with restricted size (Sx: ∼360 nm in HeLa cells) form through micellization, a type of phase separation. (B) Deletion of the NEAT1_2 middle domain (8–16.6 kb region, B block) causes the formation of smaller paraspeckle foci (magenta). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). (C) Schematics show NEAT1 mutants lacking the 5′ and/or 3′ domains (shell-forming domains) and the paraspeckles constructed by these mutants. Localization of NEAT1_2 within these paraspeckles and their size are shown.