Fig. 3. Anti-inflammatory effects of Cur in ME-23, Curs in ME-23, CL extract in ME-23, and ME-23, as well as Curs, octanoic acid, and menthol in DMSO against inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (A), IL-6 (B), and IL-1β (C) production in LPS-activated murine macrophages. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. #p <0.05, ####p <0.0001 vs. untreated control; **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001 vs. LPS-stimulated cells.
