A) A stick cartoon showing the archaeal α-domains, labelled with the L10 loop, B9 β-sheet, and the active site residues (designated by*). The archaeal building block is a subunit comprised of an αN-terminal subdomain composed of 4 β-strands and 3 α-helices, followed by the αC-terminal subdomain composed of 5 β-strands and 2 α-helices. The active site is within the αC-terminal subdomain and is made up of Y115, H125, and K156. (PDB: 1A79). B) An α4 (PDB: 1A79) archaeal tRNA splicing complex, which is comprised of 4 α-subunits. The 4 β9-strands (blue), each from conserved inter-subunit interactions, supported by the two interior L10 loops (green). Two other L10 loops (also green) are exterior. Finally, the two interior active sites that would engage an RNA substrate are shown in orange with sticks and dots.