Table 2.
Association between urinary thiocyanate, nitrate, and perchlorate levels and α-Klotho levels assessed using multiple linear regression models (n = 4.875)
| Urinary biomarkers | n | Crude model β (95% CI) | P | P for trend | Adjusted modela β (95% CI) | P | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiocyanate (ng/ml) | 4875 | < 0.001 | 0.007 | ||||
| Q1 | 1217 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1212 | −5.183 (−37.650, 27.284) | 0.76 | 2.114 (−28.049, 32.276) | 0.89 | ||
| Q3 | 1223 | −21.587 (−59.246, 16.072) | 0.27 | −9.407 (−45.380, 26.567) | 0.61 | ||
| Q4 | 1223 | − 39.151 (−72.874, −5.429) | 0.03 | −33.240 (−69.913, 3.432) | 0.08 | ||
| Thiocyanate levels | −0.005 (−0.008, − 0.003) | 0.0002 | −0.006 (− 0.010, − 0.003) | 0.0004 | |||
| Nitrate × 10−3 (ng/mL) | 4875 | 0.02 | 0.66 | ||||
| Q1 | 1256 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1260 | −7.260 (−40.930–26.409) | 0.67 | −1.080 (−36.328–34.167) | 0.95 | ||
| Q3 | 1257 | 11.929 (−23.801–47.659) | 0.52 | 24.678 (−16.340–65.696) | 0.25 | ||
| Q4 | 1266 | −32.880 (−70.037–4.277) | 0.09 | −15.560 (−61.376–30.255) | 0.51 | ||
| Nitrate × 10−3 levels | 4875 | −0.000 (−0.000 − 0.000) | 0.19 | –0.000 (−0.00–0.000) | 0.50 | ||
| Perchlorate (ng/mL) | 4875 | 0.63 | 0.11 | ||||
| Q1 | 1249 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Q2 | 1268 | 8.954 (−25.792–43.700) | 0.62 | 26.810 (−6.710–60.331) | 0.13 | ||
| Q3 | 1261 | −19.580 (−49.561–10.401) | 0.21 | 14.088 (−15.435–43.611) | 0.36 | ||
| Q4 | 1261 | 15.435 (−22.211–53.081) | 0.42 | 50.567 (14.407–86.726) | 0.009 | ||
| Perchlorate levels | 0.038 (−0.585–0.661) | 0.91 | 0.389 (−0.047–0.825) | 0.09 |
CI confidence interval
aAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, race, alcohol consumption, estimated glomerular filtration rate, underlying disease, physical activity, smoking status, usual energy intake, and urinary creatinine and serum cotinine levels and mutually adjusted for urinary perchlorate, urinary nitrate, and urinary thiocyanate levels